Survey of River Ice Influences on Channel Bathymetry Along the Fort Peck Reach of the Missouri River, Winter 1998-1999 - TR02-140001
Abstract - TR02-140002
Survey of River Ice Influences on Channel Bathymetry Along the Fort Peck Reach of the Missouri River, Winter 1998-1999 - TR02-140003
CONTENTS - TR02-140005
CONTENTS - continued - TR02-140006
UNITS OF MEASUREMENT
INTRODUCTION - TR02-140011
Figure 1. Fort Peck reach of the Missouri River.
Significance
Background - TR02-140014
PHYSICAL SETTING OF THE FORT PECK REACH
Bed sediment
A typical subreach in which the river narrows to a single channel bend.
Figure 3. Missouri River between RM 1621 and 1620, near Culbertson, Montana. (From CRM 1996.)
Riverbanks
Flow characteristics
Figure 6. Hydrographs for water years 1930 and 1987, before and after construction of the Fort Peck Dam
Figure 7. Mean daily flow rates indicated by the USGS gage at Fort Peck.
Figure 8. Flow frequency curves for the Current Water Control Plan (CWCP) and the Preferred Alternative (PA) schedules for water release from Fort Peck Dam. (From Pokrefke et al. 1998.)
Ice formation
REVIEW OF RIVER ICE INFLUENCES ON CHANNEL MORPHOLOGY
Factors affecting river ice
Ice cover influence on the local cross section of flow
Figure 9. Effect of ice cover on flow conveyance in lateral segments of a two-part, compound Channel
Channel anabranching and avulsion
Figure 10. Effect of an ice cover on flow depth and velocity
Cover influence on thalweg alignment
Ice cover influence on channel bed elevation
Ice cover influence on channel bed elevation - continued
REVIEW OF RIVER ICE INFLUENCES ON RIVERBANKS
Thermal influences on riverbank strength
Bankfast ice loading of riverbanks
Gouging and abrasion of riverbanks
Gouging and abrasion of riverbanks - continued
SURVEY PROGRAM
Figure 15. Locations of the survey sites
Table 1. Ice impact processes investigated
Table 2. Soil types at monitored sites. (From Simon et al. 1999.)
Specific issues for survey sites
Figure 17. Survey cross sections near RM 16201621, Culbertson site
Features of survey sites
Figure 19. Survey cross sections near RM 16231624, Tveit-Johnson site
Figure 21. Survey cross sections near RM 16311632, Vournas site
Figure 22. RM 1646, Mattelin site
Figure 24. Sediment accumulation at an irrigation pump site near RM 1687, Whitmer site.
Figure 25.
Figure 26. Survey cross sections near RM 17151716, Pipal site
Summary of measurements and observations
Summary of measurements and observations - continued
INSTRUMENTATION - TR02-140054
Table 3. Site monitoring and survey alignments.
Ice thickness measurements
Figure 28. Typical radar profile of ice cover thickness
Velocity profiling
Figure 30. Marsh-McBirney velocity meter with extension pole
Web cameras
Figure 32. The four web cameras.
Scour monitors
Figure 33. Simulated TDR signal and schematic of probe
Figure 34. Locations of TDR bed-level monitors. TDR numbers and the respective cable lengths: TDR 1 (400 ft); TDR 2, 4, 5, and 6 (500 ft); and TDR 7 (700 ft)
Figure 35. Schematic of the on-shore data acquisition system
Figure 36. Comparison between the reflected signals using a Tektronics 1502 step pulse and a Tektronics 1503 using the impulse signal
Figure 37. Hydrostatic water pressure at the Culbertson site plotted as equivalent stage
Scour monitors - continued
Figure 39. Waterfall plot of images from TDR 1 captured using the 1503
SURVEY CONDITIONS
Figure 41. Average precipitation for the fall period of 1970 to 1999 and precipitation for January 1997 to January 1999, with the two fall periods highlighted
Figure 42. Early stage of breakup in the downstream reach of the Pipal site on 14 February 1999.
Figure 43. Ice conditions at the Culbertson site on 17 March 1999 in the early stages of breakup
Figure 44. Discharge from the Fort Peck Dam with measurements from the Wolf Point and Culbertson gages
FINDINGS AT SURVEY SITES
Figure 45
Figure 26\
Figure 26
Figure 47. Bed profiles of cross sections at RM 1620.4
Bed profiles
Bed profiles - continued
TDR measurements
Figure 49. Bed elevation on the north bank of the north channel detected using TDR 1 and the 1503
Figure 50. Bed elevations from the TDRs using the 1503
Figure 52. Bed level changes at TDR 3 using the 1503
Figure 53. Bed level changes at TDR 6 using the 1503
Tveit-Johnson site, RM 16241626
Figure - TR02-140088
figure 55 - cont
Figure 56
Figure 57. Change in the north bank position following breakup.
Figure 58
Figure 59. Bed profile cross sections at RM 1623.97
Figure 60. Velocity distributions at approximately mid-channel at RM 1624.02
Figure 60
Figure 61
Figure 62
Figure 63. Crack development in the south riverbank at RM 1632.55
Figure 64. Bed profile cross sections at RM 1632.55.
Figure 65. Velocity distributions about mid-channel downstream at cross section RM 1632.55 at approximately 200 ft from the right bank
Figure 66
Figure 66 (cont.). Mattelin site (RM 16451647) during the survey
Ice cover thickness
Figure 67. Bed profile cross sections at RM 1646.9
TR02-14
Abstract - TR02-140002
Survey of River Ice Influences on Channel Bathymetry Along the Fort Peck Reach of the Missouri River, Winter 1998-1999 - TR02-140003
CONTENTS - TR02-140005
CONTENTS - continued - TR02-140006
UNITS OF MEASUREMENT
INTRODUCTION - TR02-140011
Figure 1. Fort Peck reach of the Missouri River.
Significance
Background - TR02-140014
PHYSICAL SETTING OF THE FORT PECK REACH
Bed sediment
A typical subreach in which the river narrows to a single channel bend.
Figure 3. Missouri River between RM 1621 and 1620, near Culbertson, Montana. (From CRM 1996.)
Riverbanks
Flow characteristics
Figure 6. Hydrographs for water years 1930 and 1987, before and after construction of the Fort Peck Dam
Figure 7. Mean daily flow rates indicated by the USGS gage at Fort Peck.
Figure 8. Flow frequency curves for the Current Water Control Plan (CWCP) and the Preferred Alternative (PA) schedules for water release from Fort Peck Dam. (From Pokrefke et al. 1998.)
Ice formation
REVIEW OF RIVER ICE INFLUENCES ON CHANNEL MORPHOLOGY
Factors affecting river ice
Ice cover influence on the local cross section of flow
Figure 9. Effect of ice cover on flow conveyance in lateral segments of a two-part, compound Channel
Channel anabranching and avulsion
Figure 10. Effect of an ice cover on flow depth and velocity
Cover influence on thalweg alignment
Ice cover influence on channel bed elevation
Ice cover influence on channel bed elevation - continued
REVIEW OF RIVER ICE INFLUENCES ON RIVERBANKS
Thermal influences on riverbank strength
Bankfast ice loading of riverbanks
Gouging and abrasion of riverbanks
Gouging and abrasion of riverbanks - continued
SURVEY PROGRAM
Figure 15. Locations of the survey sites
Table 1. Ice impact processes investigated
Table 2. Soil types at monitored sites. (From Simon et al. 1999.)
Specific issues for survey sites
Figure 17. Survey cross sections near RM 16201621, Culbertson site
Features of survey sites
Figure 19. Survey cross sections near RM 16231624, Tveit-Johnson site
Figure 21. Survey cross sections near RM 16311632, Vournas site
Figure 22. RM 1646, Mattelin site
Figure 24. Sediment accumulation at an irrigation pump site near RM 1687, Whitmer site.
Figure 25.
Figure 26. Survey cross sections near RM 17151716, Pipal site
Summary of measurements and observations
Summary of measurements and observations - continued
INSTRUMENTATION - TR02-140054
Table 3. Site monitoring and survey alignments.
Ice thickness measurements
Figure 28. Typical radar profile of ice cover thickness
Velocity profiling
Figure 30. Marsh-McBirney velocity meter with extension pole
Web cameras
Figure 32. The four web cameras.
Scour monitors
Figure 33. Simulated TDR signal and schematic of probe
Figure 34. Locations of TDR bed-level monitors. TDR numbers and the respective cable lengths: TDR 1 (400 ft); TDR 2, 4, 5, and 6 (500 ft); and TDR 7 (700 ft)
Figure 35. Schematic of the on-shore data acquisition system
Figure 36. Comparison between the reflected signals using a Tektronics 1502 step pulse and a Tektronics 1503 using the impulse signal
Figure 37. Hydrostatic water pressure at the Culbertson site plotted as equivalent stage
Scour monitors - continued
Figure 39. Waterfall plot of images from TDR 1 captured using the 1503
SURVEY CONDITIONS
Figure 41. Average precipitation for the fall period of 1970 to 1999 and precipitation for January 1997 to January 1999, with the two fall periods highlighted
Figure 42. Early stage of breakup in the downstream reach of the Pipal site on 14 February 1999.
Figure 43. Ice conditions at the Culbertson site on 17 March 1999 in the early stages of breakup
Figure 44. Discharge from the Fort Peck Dam with measurements from the Wolf Point and Culbertson gages
FINDINGS AT SURVEY SITES
Figure 45
Figure 26\
Figure 26
Figure 47. Bed profiles of cross sections at RM 1620.4
Bed profiles
Bed profiles - continued
TDR measurements
Figure 49. Bed elevation on the north bank of the north channel detected using TDR 1 and the 1503
Figure 50. Bed elevations from the TDRs using the 1503
Figure 52. Bed level changes at TDR 3 using the 1503
Figure 53. Bed level changes at TDR 6 using the 1503
Tveit-Johnson site, RM 16241626
Figure - TR02-140088
figure 55 - cont
Figure 56
Figure 57. Change in the north bank position following breakup.
Figure 58
Figure 59. Bed profile cross sections at RM 1623.97
Figure 60. Velocity distributions at approximately mid-channel at RM 1624.02
Figure 60
Figure 61
Figure 62
Figure 63. Crack development in the south riverbank at RM 1632.55
Figure 64. Bed profile cross sections at RM 1632.55.
Figure 65. Velocity distributions about mid-channel downstream at cross section RM 1632.55 at approximately 200 ft from the right bank
Figure 66
Figure 66 (cont.). Mattelin site (RM 16451647) during the survey
Ice cover thickness
Figure 67. Bed profile cross sections at RM 1646.9
TR02-14
