Source Location and Tracking Capability of a Small Seismic Array
Figure 1. WAM conception of target acquisition and engagement
BEAMFORMING PRINCIPLES
Bartlett and Capon maximum-likelihood beamformers
Estimation and conditioning of the correlation matrix
Formation of spatial correlation matrix
Spatial correlation matrix conditioning
Figure 5. Histograms of cross-power amplitude and phase estimates at 20 Hz for a synthetic sine wave series
FIELD DATA ACQUISITION AND EXPERIMENTAL CONDITIONS
Table 2. Physical properties of borehole soil samples
Figure 7. Generating shear waves for the site characterization measurements
Table 3. Analysis of seismic refraction travel time
Environmental characterization
Array description and recording procedures
Characterization of the Grayling array
DISCUSSION OF SOURCE CHARACTERISTICS
Impulsive acoustic source
Figure 18. Microphone spectrum for .45 caliber pistol shot
Impulsive seismic source
Figure 23. Time-domain microphone subarray response to M60 tank moving at 4.5 m s-1
Figure 25. Spectra of microphone subarray response to an M60 tank moving at 4.5 m s-1
PROCESSING RESULTS FOR FIELD RECORDS
Figure 27. ML wavenumber spectrum at 78 Hz for vertical geophone subarray
Figure 28. Estimated ML wave-number spectrum at 23 Hz for vertical geophone subarray
Moving sources
Figure 32. Average array spectra for vertical geophone subarray to M60 tank moving at 4.5 m s-1
Figure 33. Example of an ML wavenumber estimate from a vertical geophone array at 11 Hz for an M60 tank moving at 4.5 m s-1
Affect of spectral estimation parameters on beam response
Figure 36. ML wavenumber estimate at 11 Hz for waveforms shown in Fig. 35: Blackman taper 20 blocks
Figure 37. ML wavenumber estimate at 11 Hz for waveforms shown in Fig. 35: boxcar taper, 20 blocks
Figure 39. ML wavenumber estimate at 11Hz for waveforms shown in Fig. 35: boxcar taper, three blocks
Figure 41. ML wavenumber estimate at 11 Hz for waveforms shown in Fig. 35: boxcar taper, one block
CONCLUSIONS - CR96_080036
LITERATURE CITED-continue - CR96_080037
Report Documentation Page - CR96_080038
CR96_08
Figure 1. WAM conception of target acquisition and engagement
BEAMFORMING PRINCIPLES
Bartlett and Capon maximum-likelihood beamformers
Estimation and conditioning of the correlation matrix
Formation of spatial correlation matrix
Spatial correlation matrix conditioning
Figure 5. Histograms of cross-power amplitude and phase estimates at 20 Hz for a synthetic sine wave series
FIELD DATA ACQUISITION AND EXPERIMENTAL CONDITIONS
Table 2. Physical properties of borehole soil samples
Figure 7. Generating shear waves for the site characterization measurements
Table 3. Analysis of seismic refraction travel time
Environmental characterization
Array description and recording procedures
Characterization of the Grayling array
DISCUSSION OF SOURCE CHARACTERISTICS
Impulsive acoustic source
Figure 18. Microphone spectrum for .45 caliber pistol shot
Impulsive seismic source
Figure 23. Time-domain microphone subarray response to M60 tank moving at 4.5 m s-1
Figure 25. Spectra of microphone subarray response to an M60 tank moving at 4.5 m s-1
PROCESSING RESULTS FOR FIELD RECORDS
Figure 27. ML wavenumber spectrum at 78 Hz for vertical geophone subarray
Figure 28. Estimated ML wave-number spectrum at 23 Hz for vertical geophone subarray
Moving sources
Figure 32. Average array spectra for vertical geophone subarray to M60 tank moving at 4.5 m s-1
Figure 33. Example of an ML wavenumber estimate from a vertical geophone array at 11 Hz for an M60 tank moving at 4.5 m s-1
Affect of spectral estimation parameters on beam response
Figure 36. ML wavenumber estimate at 11 Hz for waveforms shown in Fig. 35: Blackman taper 20 blocks
Figure 37. ML wavenumber estimate at 11 Hz for waveforms shown in Fig. 35: boxcar taper, 20 blocks
Figure 39. ML wavenumber estimate at 11Hz for waveforms shown in Fig. 35: boxcar taper, three blocks
Figure 41. ML wavenumber estimate at 11 Hz for waveforms shown in Fig. 35: boxcar taper, one block
CONCLUSIONS - CR96_080036
LITERATURE CITED-continue - CR96_080037
Report Documentation Page - CR96_080038
CR96_08
