Electromechanical Phenomena in Ice
Early works on asymmetrical rubbing
Frictional electrification
Figure 4. Potential difference V between ice and a stainless foil. Sliding velocity was 1 m/s
Figure 7. Records of the potential difference V across a capacitor built into a ski at three sliding velocities
Figure 8. Schematic dependence of the space charge density ρ on the dis-ance to the ice surface x
Effect of electrical fields on ice friction
Figure 10. Changes in tension of the aluminum belt (T1) when a 3-kV bias is switched on and off
Figure 11. Changes in tension of the stainless steel foil belt when the ice cylinder direction of rotation reverses
ELECTRO-ELASTIC EFFECTS
Polarization induced by nonuniform strain
Figure 15. Some practical cases in which nonuniform strain generates electric polarization of ice
ELECTROMAGNETIC PHENOMENA IN ICE FRACTURE
Figure 17. Schematical representation of variations in ions' concentration n, electric field strength E and electric potential ϕ
Cracks splitting pre-polarized ice-continue
Laboratory experiments - SR96_020025
Figure 21. Signal recovery system used to detect emissions
Figure 22. Electrical signal of a microcrack in freshwater columnar ice
Figure 26. Amplitude of electric potential ϕ on the surface of he ice sample measured in the configuration shown in Figure 25
Field experiments
Figure 29. Experimental configuration used in measurementsof EME from cracks in lake and sea ice
ELECTROPLASTIC EFFECTS IN ICE
Figure 33. Directions of the principal stresses in the vicinity of an edge dislocation
Dislocation currents in ice
Effect of static electrical field on ice creep
Effect of plastic deformation on electrical properties of ice
Figure 38. Effect of plastic deformation on dielectric permittivity ε and conductivity σ
LITERATURE CITED-continue - SR96_020037
LITERATURE CITED-continue - SR96_020038
SELECTED BIBLIOGRAPHY - SR96_020039
Report Documentation Page - SR96_020040
SR96_02
Early works on asymmetrical rubbing
Frictional electrification
Figure 4. Potential difference V between ice and a stainless foil. Sliding velocity was 1 m/s
Figure 7. Records of the potential difference V across a capacitor built into a ski at three sliding velocities
Figure 8. Schematic dependence of the space charge density ρ on the dis-ance to the ice surface x
Effect of electrical fields on ice friction
Figure 10. Changes in tension of the aluminum belt (T1) when a 3-kV bias is switched on and off
Figure 11. Changes in tension of the stainless steel foil belt when the ice cylinder direction of rotation reverses
ELECTRO-ELASTIC EFFECTS
Polarization induced by nonuniform strain
Figure 15. Some practical cases in which nonuniform strain generates electric polarization of ice
ELECTROMAGNETIC PHENOMENA IN ICE FRACTURE
Figure 17. Schematical representation of variations in ions' concentration n, electric field strength E and electric potential ϕ
Cracks splitting pre-polarized ice-continue
Laboratory experiments - SR96_020025
Figure 21. Signal recovery system used to detect emissions
Figure 22. Electrical signal of a microcrack in freshwater columnar ice
Figure 26. Amplitude of electric potential ϕ on the surface of he ice sample measured in the configuration shown in Figure 25
Field experiments
Figure 29. Experimental configuration used in measurementsof EME from cracks in lake and sea ice
ELECTROPLASTIC EFFECTS IN ICE
Figure 33. Directions of the principal stresses in the vicinity of an edge dislocation
Dislocation currents in ice
Effect of static electrical field on ice creep
Effect of plastic deformation on electrical properties of ice
Figure 38. Effect of plastic deformation on dielectric permittivity ε and conductivity σ
LITERATURE CITED-continue - SR96_020037
LITERATURE CITED-continue - SR96_020038
SELECTED BIBLIOGRAPHY - SR96_020039
Report Documentation Page - SR96_020040
SR96_02
