Form Approved
REPORT DOCUMENTATION PAGE
OMB No. 0704-0188
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1. AGENCY USE ONLY (Leave blank)
2. REPORT DATE
3. REPORT TYPE AND DATES COVERED
February 1996
4. TITLE AND SUBTITLE
5. FUNDING NUMBERS
Electromechanical Phenomena in Ice
DAAL-03-91-G-0164
6. AUTHORS
Victor F. Petrenko
7. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME(S) AND ADDRESS(ES)
8. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION
REPORT NUMBER
U.S. Army Cold Regions Research
Thayer School of Engineering
and Engineering Laboratory
Dartmouth College
Special Report 96-2
Hanover, New Hampshire 03755
Hanover, New Hampshire 03755
9. SPONSORING/MONITORING AGENCY NAME(S) AND ADDRESS(ES)
10. SPONSORING/MONITORING
AGENCY REPORT NUMBER
U.S. Army Research Office
Research Triangle Park, North Carolina
11. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES
For conversion of SI units to non-SI units of measurement consult Standard Practice for Use of the International System of Units (SI),
ASTM Standard E380-93, published by the American Society for Testing and Materials, 1916 Race St., Philadelphia, Pa. 19103.
12a. DISTRIBUTION/AVAILABILITY STATEMENT
12b. DISTRIBUTION CODE
Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited.
Available from NTIS, Springfield, Virginia 22161.
13. ABSTRACT (Maximum 200 words)
This report examines the electromechanical effects in ice. This group of physical phenomena, which was found
and studied relatively recently, broadens basic knowledge of ice and may have some practical applications. The
electromechanical phenomena in this report are separated into three groups: 1) Effects in which electromagnetic
fields are generated by means of mechanical actions such as elastic stress, plastic strain, fracture or friction; 2)
Effects in which an application of electric fields modifies such mechanical properties of ice as its plasticity, elas-
ticity and friction; 3) Effects in which plastic strain changes electrical conductivity or dielectric permittivity of
ice. Experimental results and theoretical models are discussed and some possible practical applications suggested.
14. SUBJECT TERMS
15. NUMBER OF PAGES
Cracks in ice
Ice mechanics
36
Electrical properties
Ice physics
16. PRICE CODE
Ice defects
17. SECURITY CLASSIFICATION
18. SECURITY CLASSIFICATION
19. SECURITY CLASSIFICATION
20. LIMITATION OF ABSTRACT
OF REPORT
OF THIS PAGE
OF ABSTRACT
UNCLASSIFIED
UNCLASSIFIED
UNCLASSIFIED
UL
Standard Form 298 (Rev. 2-89)
NSN 7540-01-280-5500
Prescribed by ANSI Std. Z39-18
298-102
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