Physical Processes and Natural Attenuation Alternatives for Remediation of White Phosphorus Contamination, Eagle River Flats, Fort Richardson, Alaska
Figure 1. Location of ERF and other salt marshes in upper Cook Inlet
Figure 2. 1995 aerial photograph of ERF showing the dendritic drainage network
Figure 4. Distribution of primary landform-vegetation units
RESULTS OF PREVIOUS PHYSICAL SYSTEM INVESTIGATIONS
Table 4. Depositional processes
Figure 5. Locations of gullies, ponds and areas
Figure 6. Aerial photograph of Racine Island taken 16 August 1995 showing remnant channel
Aerial photographs
Figure 7. Aerial photographs of ERF
Figure 7. Continued - CR96_130020
Figure 7. Continued - CR96_130021
STUDY SITES AND METHODS
Figure 9. Mudflat sedimentation transect locations
Figure 10. Sedimentation measurement techniques
Pond sedimentation measurements
Figure 12. Pond sedimentation measurement locations
Figure 12. Continued - CR96_130027
Figure 13. Locations of 1992-1994 pond sedimentation stations
Gully erosion and headwall recession
Historical aerial photographic analyses
Table 6. Specifications of sensors used in water quality parameter measurements
Figure 18. Extent of data collection at hydrostation sites from 1993-1995
Hydrostation configuration
Figure 19. Hydrostation layout at a gully location
Data acquisition record
Figure 21. Sampling coverages for various types of field data
INTRINSIC REMEDIATION: POND DRAINAGE BY GULLY EROSION AND EXTENSION
Table 7. Summary of gully velocity and discharge data
Table 8. Summary of scarp recession
Gully erosion and scarp recession rates
Figure 23 (cont'd). Summary of gully scarp recession
Figure 23. Continued
Figure 24. Measurements of bank erosion along Eagle River at the River-North site
Figure 25. Bank of Bread Truck Gully showing ice growth formation
Figure 27. Aerial view of gullies where recession and ebb flow have been modified by surface craters
Figure 27. Continued
Figure 28. Aerial view of Bread Truck Gully in October 1995
Figure 29. Eastward view of eroding cuspate embayments at B-Gully
Recent vs. long-term rates of recession
Figure 32. Historical gully recession
Figure 32. Continued
Figure 33. Spatial comparison of headward and lateral recession monitored at selected hub-line stake erosion sites
Historical analysis of the drainage system
Figure 34. Aerial photographs depicting the morphologic changes in the Eagle River where it enters the ERF
Natural attenuation by pond drainage
SEDIMENTATION AND NATURAL ATTENUATION OF WP BY BURIAL
Figure 36. Ice rafting at ERF
Figure 37. Example of a flooding tide cycle
Figure 40. Relationship between water rise time and peak water elevation at several gully sites
Figure 41. Tidal flooding time as a function of peak lood elevation at selected gullies
Sediment transport and sediment sources - CR96_130061
Landform sedimentation rates
Table 10. Gross sedimentation rates
Figure 47. Variations in sedimentation rate as a function of landform type
Pond transects and stations
Figure 50. Pond sedimentation measured along tranects from May to September 1995
Table 12. May to September 1995 sediment accumulation along pond sedimentation transects
WHITE PHOSPHORUS FATE, TRANSPORT AND MIGRATION
Table 13. 1995 positive WP results from pond sedimentation station cup samples
KNIK ARM AND WP DEPOSITION
CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS - CR96_130071
Recommendations - CR96_130072
LITERATURE CITED - CR96_130073
LITERATURE CITED-continue - CR96_130074
Report Documentation Page - CR96_130075
CR96_13
Figure 1. Location of ERF and other salt marshes in upper Cook Inlet
Figure 2. 1995 aerial photograph of ERF showing the dendritic drainage network
Figure 4. Distribution of primary landform-vegetation units
RESULTS OF PREVIOUS PHYSICAL SYSTEM INVESTIGATIONS
Table 4. Depositional processes
Figure 5. Locations of gullies, ponds and areas
Figure 6. Aerial photograph of Racine Island taken 16 August 1995 showing remnant channel
Aerial photographs
Figure 7. Aerial photographs of ERF
Figure 7. Continued - CR96_130020
Figure 7. Continued - CR96_130021
STUDY SITES AND METHODS
Figure 9. Mudflat sedimentation transect locations
Figure 10. Sedimentation measurement techniques
Pond sedimentation measurements
Figure 12. Pond sedimentation measurement locations
Figure 12. Continued - CR96_130027
Figure 13. Locations of 1992-1994 pond sedimentation stations
Gully erosion and headwall recession
Historical aerial photographic analyses
Table 6. Specifications of sensors used in water quality parameter measurements
Figure 18. Extent of data collection at hydrostation sites from 1993-1995
Hydrostation configuration
Figure 19. Hydrostation layout at a gully location
Data acquisition record
Figure 21. Sampling coverages for various types of field data
INTRINSIC REMEDIATION: POND DRAINAGE BY GULLY EROSION AND EXTENSION
Table 7. Summary of gully velocity and discharge data
Table 8. Summary of scarp recession
Gully erosion and scarp recession rates
Figure 23 (cont'd). Summary of gully scarp recession
Figure 23. Continued
Figure 24. Measurements of bank erosion along Eagle River at the River-North site
Figure 25. Bank of Bread Truck Gully showing ice growth formation
Figure 27. Aerial view of gullies where recession and ebb flow have been modified by surface craters
Figure 27. Continued
Figure 28. Aerial view of Bread Truck Gully in October 1995
Figure 29. Eastward view of eroding cuspate embayments at B-Gully
Recent vs. long-term rates of recession
Figure 32. Historical gully recession
Figure 32. Continued
Figure 33. Spatial comparison of headward and lateral recession monitored at selected hub-line stake erosion sites
Historical analysis of the drainage system
Figure 34. Aerial photographs depicting the morphologic changes in the Eagle River where it enters the ERF
Natural attenuation by pond drainage
SEDIMENTATION AND NATURAL ATTENUATION OF WP BY BURIAL
Figure 36. Ice rafting at ERF
Figure 37. Example of a flooding tide cycle
Figure 40. Relationship between water rise time and peak water elevation at several gully sites
Figure 41. Tidal flooding time as a function of peak lood elevation at selected gullies
Sediment transport and sediment sources - CR96_130061
Landform sedimentation rates
Table 10. Gross sedimentation rates
Figure 47. Variations in sedimentation rate as a function of landform type
Pond transects and stations
Figure 50. Pond sedimentation measured along tranects from May to September 1995
Table 12. May to September 1995 sediment accumulation along pond sedimentation transects
WHITE PHOSPHORUS FATE, TRANSPORT AND MIGRATION
Table 13. 1995 positive WP results from pond sedimentation station cup samples
KNIK ARM AND WP DEPOSITION
CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS - CR96_130071
Recommendations - CR96_130072
LITERATURE CITED - CR96_130073
LITERATURE CITED-continue - CR96_130074
Report Documentation Page - CR96_130075
CR96_13
