An Evaluation of the Severity of the January 1998 Ice Storm in Northern New England
APPLICABLE CODES
Figure 2. National Electrical Safety Code district map for ice loads
Figure 3. 50-year return-period ice-load map from ASCE 74
Figure 4. Maximum ice thicknesses measured in a nine-year period from 1928 to 1937
Figure 6. Maximum ice thicknesses (cm) for return periods from 2 to 100 years at representative points (AVG)
EQUIVALENT UNIFORM ICE THICKNESS
Figure 9. Examples of ice accretion shapes, January 1998 ice storm
MODELING ICE LOADS
MODELING ICE LOADS-continue
ICE STORM DAMAGE
ICE STORM DAMAGE-continue - IceStorm980018
ICE STORM DAMAGE-continue - IceStorm980019
THE JANUARY 1998 ICE STORM
Figure 11. Maps of damage to forests from the January 1998 ice storm
Figure 11. Continued - IceStorm980022
Figure 12. Tree damage in and near Vermont
Figure 12. Continued - IceStorm980024
Trees-continue
Figure 13. Tree damage in New Hampshire
Figure 13. Continued - IceStorm980027
Distribution system
Figure 14. Tree damage in Maine
Figure 15. Examples of damaged distribution lines
Transmission system
Figure 17. Six miles of Bangor Hydro's 115-kV H-frame transmission line in the blueberry barrens east of Deblois failed under the ice load
Communication
Table 3. Communication tower failures during the January 510 ice storm
Figure 18. Communication tower damage
Ice loads
Figure 21. Total precipitation at weather stations in the United States and Canada between January 5 and 10
Table 4. Possible effect of elevation on ice load
Figure 22. Ice accretions with measured or estimated uniform ice thickness
Figure 22. Continued - IceStorm980040
Figure 22. Continued - IceStorm980041
Figure 22. Continued - IceStorm980042
EXTREME ICE LOADS - IceStorm980043
Peaks-over-threshold method
Figure 23. Generalized Pareto distribution
Superstations
Extreme ice loads - IceStorm980047
Return period for severe ice storms
Figure 25. Fifty-year return-period uniform ice thicknesses due to freezing rain with concurrent 3-s gust wind speeds: contiguous 48 states
CONCLUSIONS - IceStorm980050
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS - IceStorm980051
REFERENCES - IceStorm980052
REFERENCES-continue - IceStorm980053
REFERENCES-continue - IceStorm980054
APPENDIX A. HISTORICAL ICE STORMS IN NORTHERN NEW ENGLAND AND NEW YORK
NEW HAMPSHIRE - IceStorm980056
NEW YORK
December 29-30, 1942
December 4-11, 1964
NEW HAMPSHIRE - IceStorm980060
December 22, 1969 to January 17, 1970
Storm Data - IceStorm980062
MASSACHUSETTS
MAINE
RHODE ISLAND
March 2-5, 1976
January 8-25, 1979
Storm Data - IceStorm980068
February 14-15, 1986
March 3-6, 1991
Storm Data-continue - IceStorm980071
Storm Data-continue - IceStorm980072
IceStorm98
APPLICABLE CODES
Figure 2. National Electrical Safety Code district map for ice loads
Figure 3. 50-year return-period ice-load map from ASCE 74
Figure 4. Maximum ice thicknesses measured in a nine-year period from 1928 to 1937
Figure 6. Maximum ice thicknesses (cm) for return periods from 2 to 100 years at representative points (AVG)
EQUIVALENT UNIFORM ICE THICKNESS
Figure 9. Examples of ice accretion shapes, January 1998 ice storm
MODELING ICE LOADS
MODELING ICE LOADS-continue
ICE STORM DAMAGE
ICE STORM DAMAGE-continue - IceStorm980018
ICE STORM DAMAGE-continue - IceStorm980019
THE JANUARY 1998 ICE STORM
Figure 11. Maps of damage to forests from the January 1998 ice storm
Figure 11. Continued - IceStorm980022
Figure 12. Tree damage in and near Vermont
Figure 12. Continued - IceStorm980024
Trees-continue
Figure 13. Tree damage in New Hampshire
Figure 13. Continued - IceStorm980027
Distribution system
Figure 14. Tree damage in Maine
Figure 15. Examples of damaged distribution lines
Transmission system
Figure 17. Six miles of Bangor Hydro's 115-kV H-frame transmission line in the blueberry barrens east of Deblois failed under the ice load
Communication
Table 3. Communication tower failures during the January 510 ice storm
Figure 18. Communication tower damage
Ice loads
Figure 21. Total precipitation at weather stations in the United States and Canada between January 5 and 10
Table 4. Possible effect of elevation on ice load
Figure 22. Ice accretions with measured or estimated uniform ice thickness
Figure 22. Continued - IceStorm980040
Figure 22. Continued - IceStorm980041
Figure 22. Continued - IceStorm980042
EXTREME ICE LOADS - IceStorm980043
Peaks-over-threshold method
Figure 23. Generalized Pareto distribution
Superstations
Extreme ice loads - IceStorm980047
Return period for severe ice storms
Figure 25. Fifty-year return-period uniform ice thicknesses due to freezing rain with concurrent 3-s gust wind speeds: contiguous 48 states
CONCLUSIONS - IceStorm980050
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS - IceStorm980051
REFERENCES - IceStorm980052
REFERENCES-continue - IceStorm980053
REFERENCES-continue - IceStorm980054
APPENDIX A. HISTORICAL ICE STORMS IN NORTHERN NEW ENGLAND AND NEW YORK
NEW HAMPSHIRE - IceStorm980056
NEW YORK
December 29-30, 1942
December 4-11, 1964
NEW HAMPSHIRE - IceStorm980060
December 22, 1969 to January 17, 1970
Storm Data - IceStorm980062
MASSACHUSETTS
MAINE
RHODE ISLAND
March 2-5, 1976
January 8-25, 1979
Storm Data - IceStorm980068
February 14-15, 1986
March 3-6, 1991
Storm Data-continue - IceStorm980071
Storm Data-continue - IceStorm980072
IceStorm98
