Remote Sensing of In-Flight Icing ConditionsINTRODUCTION - M-00_10010RelevanceFigure 1. Aircraft icing paradigmOPERATIONAL REQUIREMENTSPilot needs and human factorsHuman factorsManufacturers and operatorsRegulatory issues, weather forecasting, and traffic managementTest beds and platformsMETEOROLOGICAL SENSING REQUIREMENTSSummary-continue - M-00_10020Introduction - M-00_10021Characterization needsLiquid-water content-continueCloud drop-size spectraCloud drop-size spectra-continueSupercooled large dropsSupercooled large drops-continueTemperatureSpatial structureSpatial structure-continueMixed-phase cloudsIn-situ instrumentationTemperature measurement - M-00_10033Liquid-water content measurement-continueDrop-size measurementTerminologyTECHNOLOGY DEVELOPMENTSummary-continue - M-00_10038Introduction - M-00_10039Radar-continueDetection of liquid waterMillimeter-band radar-continueLiquid-water content retrieval techniquesDifferential attenuation and dual-band techniques-continueDetection of mixed-phase conditions and drop-size spectraDoppler and polarization radar techniquesPassive microwave radiometerSensing upward from ground-continueSensing from satellites or aircraft over water or landLiquid-water retrieval over waterLidarTemperature measurement - M-00_10052Microwave radiometersRECOMMENDATIONS - M-00_10054GOVERNMENT ROLES, MISSIONS AND COLLABORATIVE ACTIVITIESIMPLEMENTATION LITERATURE CITED-continue - M-00_10057LITERATURE CITED-continue - M-00_10058LITERATURE CITED-continue - M-00_10059LITERATURE CITED-continue - M-00_10060LITERATURE CITED-continue - M-00_10061LITERATURE CITED-continue - M-00_10062LITERATURE CITED-continue - M-00_10063LITERATURE CITED-continue - M-00_10064LITERATURE CITED-continue - M-00_10065LITERATURE CITED-continue - M-00_10066APPENDIX A: SYNOPSIS OF OPERATIONAL INFORMATION NEEDS STATE OF KNOWLEDGE, STRENGTHS, AND WEAKNESSESOPERATIONAL INFORMATION KNOWLEDGEGENERAL GOALSAPPENDIX B: SYNOPSIS OF SENSING NEEDS, STATE OF KNOWLEDGE, STRENGTHS, AND WEAKNESSESSENSING REQUIREMENTS KNOWLEDGEAPPENDIX C: SYNOPSIS OF SENSOR TECHNOLOGY NEEDS, STATE OF KNOWLEDGE, STRENGTHS, AND WEAKNESSESTECHNOLOGY KNOWLEDGE STRENGTHSPassive radiometersReport Documentation Page - M-00_10075ABSTRACT (cont'd) - M-00_10076M-00_1