liquid-water content smaller than 0.2 g m3 (Mart-
Temperature measurement
1. RASS is operational from the ground and has not
ner at al. 1993)
been used on vehicles or in the horizontal.
7. W-band radar (95 GHz) may be suitable but with
2. Pitch, roll, and yaw and aircraft speed prevent
short range and great attenuation by large liquid-
RASS use on aircraft.
water content, large drops, and water vapor. Mod-
3. Radiometers cannot sense temperature in hori-
eling is needed.
zontal using traditional inversion methods.
Passive radiometers
4. Radiometers scan slowly.
5. Lidar not applicable.
1. Liquid water might be sensed in horizontal to pro-
vide integrated water that an aircraft might inter-
General goals
cept.
1. Perform feasibility studies of ability of technolo-
2. Temperature cannot be sensed in horizontal using
gies to provide liquid-water content, drop size,
conventional inversion methods.
and temperature information needed.
3. Modeling and experiments needed at test beds.
2. Develop methods of assessing feasibility studies
4. Precipitation can cause difficulties at some wave-
through measurements with hardware.
lengths; modeling is needed.
5. Cloud phase cannot be detected with polarimetry.
3. Develop prototype technologies for field testing.
Lidar
1. High extinction in clouds.
2. Eye safety.
67
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