14. ABSTRACT (cont'd)
The most critical operational research needs are to assess cockpit and aircraft system integration, devel-
op avoid-and-exit protocols, assess human factors, and integrate remote-sensing information into weather
and air traffic control infrastructures. Improved spatial characterization of cloud and precipitation liquid-
water content, drop-size spectra, and temperature are needed, as well as an algorithm to convert sensed
conditions into a measure of icing potential. Technology development also requires refinement of inversion
techniques. These goals can be accomplished with collaboration among federal agencies including NASA,
the FAA, the National Center for Atmospheric Research, NOAA, and the Department of Defense. This
report reviews operational, meteorological, and technological considerations in developing the capability to
remotely map in-flight icing conditions from the ground and from the air.
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