Permafrost Formation Time
Origin and existence of permafrost
Figure 1. Paleotemperature variations
Figure 4. Permafrost surface paleotemperature model for Prudhoe Bay, Alaska
Figure 7. Mean paleotemperature departure, Prudhoe Bay, Alaska, during one glacial cycle
THEORY - CR95_080013
Heterogenetic freeze relations
Heterogenetic freeze relations-continue - CR95_080015
Heterogenetic freeze relations-continue - CR95_080016
Heterogenetic model verification
Effect of quaternary freezethaw cycles
Syngenetic growth of permafrost
Figure 14. Coordinate system for stationary upper surface
DISCUSSION - CR95_080021
Figure 15. Formation time of permafrost, saturated mineral soils, φ = 0, ε = 0.4
Figure 17. Formation time of permafrost, saturated mineral soils, φ = 0, ε = 0.3
Table 3. Paleotemperature scenarios, Prudhoe Bay, Alaska
Prudhoe Bay, Alaska
Deep permafrost
CONCLUSIONS - CR95_080027
LITERATURE CITED - CR95_080028
APPENDIX A: SOIL PROPERTIES AND RATIOS
Nonsaturated soil
APPENDIX B: QUATERNARY CYCLIC THERMAL MODULATION
Freeze of cooled soil
Freeze of cooled soil-continue
APPENDIX C: HEAT BALANCE INTEGRAL EQUATIONS FOR SYNGENETIC PERMAFROST GROWTH
APPENDIX C: HEAT BALANCE INTEGRAL EQUATIONS FOR SYNGENETIC PERMAFROST GROWTH-continue
Phase change model verification
Table C1. Comparison of closed solution (G = 0) and numerical quadrature (G = 0.0001)
Phase change model verification-continue
APPENDIX D: ENERGY FLOWS AT THE PERMAFROST BASE
Change in frozen zone temperature gradient at bottom of permafrost
Bottom melt
Table D5. Permafrost Thickness after thaw
APPENDIX E: FORTRAN PROGRAMS FOR NUMERICAL QUADRATURE OF ENERGY EQUATION
APPENDIX E: FORTRAN PROGRAMS FOR NUMERICAL QUADRATURE OF ENERGY EQUATION-continued
Program PFTSYN
Program PFTSYN-continue - CR95_080046
Program PFTSYN-continue - CR95_080047
Program PFTSYN-continue - CR95_080048
Report Documentation Page - CR95_080049
CR95_08
Origin and existence of permafrost
Figure 1. Paleotemperature variations
Figure 4. Permafrost surface paleotemperature model for Prudhoe Bay, Alaska
Figure 7. Mean paleotemperature departure, Prudhoe Bay, Alaska, during one glacial cycle
THEORY - CR95_080013
Heterogenetic freeze relations
Heterogenetic freeze relations-continue - CR95_080015
Heterogenetic freeze relations-continue - CR95_080016
Heterogenetic model verification
Effect of quaternary freezethaw cycles
Syngenetic growth of permafrost
Figure 14. Coordinate system for stationary upper surface
DISCUSSION - CR95_080021
Figure 15. Formation time of permafrost, saturated mineral soils, φ = 0, ε = 0.4
Figure 17. Formation time of permafrost, saturated mineral soils, φ = 0, ε = 0.3
Table 3. Paleotemperature scenarios, Prudhoe Bay, Alaska
Prudhoe Bay, Alaska
Deep permafrost
CONCLUSIONS - CR95_080027
LITERATURE CITED - CR95_080028
APPENDIX A: SOIL PROPERTIES AND RATIOS
Nonsaturated soil
APPENDIX B: QUATERNARY CYCLIC THERMAL MODULATION
Freeze of cooled soil
Freeze of cooled soil-continue
APPENDIX C: HEAT BALANCE INTEGRAL EQUATIONS FOR SYNGENETIC PERMAFROST GROWTH
APPENDIX C: HEAT BALANCE INTEGRAL EQUATIONS FOR SYNGENETIC PERMAFROST GROWTH-continue
Phase change model verification
Table C1. Comparison of closed solution (G = 0) and numerical quadrature (G = 0.0001)
Phase change model verification-continue
APPENDIX D: ENERGY FLOWS AT THE PERMAFROST BASE
Change in frozen zone temperature gradient at bottom of permafrost
Bottom melt
Table D5. Permafrost Thickness after thaw
APPENDIX E: FORTRAN PROGRAMS FOR NUMERICAL QUADRATURE OF ENERGY EQUATION
APPENDIX E: FORTRAN PROGRAMS FOR NUMERICAL QUADRATURE OF ENERGY EQUATION-continued
Program PFTSYN
Program PFTSYN-continue - CR95_080046
Program PFTSYN-continue - CR95_080047
Program PFTSYN-continue - CR95_080048
Report Documentation Page - CR95_080049
CR95_08
