Figure 10. Compacted clay
layer used to simulate the top
of a MESL.
Table 1. Number of layers of geotextile protection for puncture test.
Membrane Manufacturers
Raven
Reef
RUFCO
RUFCO RUFCO
RUFCO
RUFCO DURA-
DURA-
PLY X- Ply X- Ply X-
Ply X-
2010
2010
3010
1010
2010
SKRIM
SKRIM
210
210G
210G
210
Left wheel
0
2
2
2
3
3
2
2
2
0
0
Right wheel
0
1
1
1
2
2
1
1
1
0
0
Figure 11. Completed punc-
ture test section before placing
a wearing surface.
test sections had no membrane protection while
pan. These trenches provided an area to wash the
others had up to three layers of geotextile protec-
gravel into when the test was completed. Next,
tion (Table 1). Figure 11 shows the completed test
six inches of clay was placed on the test section.
section before the gravel was placed on top.
Water was added to the clay, scarified, and com-
Normally, vehicles should not be allowed to
pacted to simulate the top of a finished MESL, pri-
drive on the geotextile while placing the gravel.
or to placement of the upper membrane (Fig. 10).
This was not possible in this case because dump
The membranes were approximately 3 m (10 ft)
trucks were not available during test section con-
long and 6.1 m (20 ft) wide. Each membrane was
struction. Instead, pans were used to place the
overlapped 305 mm (1 ft) when seamed. Two
gravel and a grader was used to spread the gravel
types of tape were alternately used to seal the
(Fig. 12 and 13). Six inches of gravel was placed
seams. There were 21 different test sections con-
on the test section. The gravel used was 100%
sisting of six different membranes and various
crushed stone with angular shape and 51-mm
quantities of membrane protection. Some of the
10
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