ization or other anthropogenic activity.
chiefly a diamicton, consisting of massive, unsorted
fme
to poorly sorted mixtures of gravel, sand, silt, and
Deposits of Fort Richardson moraines (late
relatively minor amounts of clay; in places it may
Pleistocene)--Thickness may be as much
consist of poorly sorted silty sandy gravel; it
as 10 m in remnant of major moraine in
includes large boulders; locally it may include
Ship Creek Valley in southeasternmost
beds of gravel and sand. These deposits are gener-
part of map area, less than 10 m in Chester
ally moderately to well compacted.
and Wolverine Valleys, where mark minor
End-moraine deposits. These are formed at the
termini of glaciers.
terminal areas of glaciers where the glacier front
rme
Deposits of Rabbit Creek moraines (late
was relatively stationary. Contacts are well
Pleistocene)--Thickness may be as much
defined. Topography is irregularly hilly, in places
as 10 m in major moraine in Ship Creek
being formed in well-defined gently arcing ridge
Valley in southeasternmost part of map
complexes; slopes are gentle to moderate in small
area, less than 10 m in valleys of Wolverine
areas on some hill and ridge tops and in interven-
and South Fork Campbell Creeks where
ing swales, and are steep on hill and ridge sides.
mark principal termini of glaciers.
Except for the large Elmendorf Moraine in the An-
lme
Deposits of Little Rabbit Creek moraines
chorage Lowland, deposits are restricted to small
(Pleistocene)--Probably more oxidized
moraines in mountain valleys, most of which are
than younger end-moraine deposits.
correlated with varying degrees of certainty with
Thickness less than 1 m. Occur as rem-
named typical deposits in lateral moraines along
nants down-valley from better developed
the Chugach Mountain Front.
Rabbit Creek moraines in Wolverine Val-
leys.
ame
Deposits of Alaskan moraines (Holocene)--
Lateral-moraine deposits. These occur in narrow,
Mark terminal position of former small gla-
well-defined ridges, as well as in less well-
ciers in heads of a few valleys tributary to
defined ridge segments, that mark side margins
Ship Creek in southeastern part of map
of former glaciers. Ridges descend gradually in
area. Thickness probably 10 m or less.
altitude southwestward along the Chugach
eme Deposits of main phase of Elmendorf
Mountain Front and are arranged en echelon;
emeu Moraine (late Pleistocene)--Mark limit of
successively older groups of moraine ridges are
last significant readvance of large glacier in
Knik Arm sector of Anchorage Lowland.
generally better developed to the southwest. The
Thickness probably 10 to 20 m in large
approximate altitudinal ranges are given for each
Elmendorf Moraine complex (a formally
major lateral-moraine group; older moraine
named geographic feature) that also
deposits are very poorly represented along the
includes map units emh and ekh; may include
front by lateral moraines, if at all. These are locally
gravel and sand near southern margin of
present on the sides of several mountain valleys,
complex. Probably less than 10 m thick in
descending down-valley. Contacts are generally
small moraines in largest Wolverine Valley
well defined, except being gradational commonly
and in upper part of Snowhawk Valley.
with colluvium on the upslope sides and locally
emeu are deposits modified by urbaniza-
with other glacial deposits. Topography is mod-
tion or other anthropogenic activity.
erately irregular; slopes are gentle to moderate on
emy Deposits of younger phase of Elmendorf
small areas on some ridge tops, and are steep on
Moraine--Occur in prominent ridge that
ridge sides, especially the downslope side. Bed-
marks a slight readvance of the glacier and
rock may occur locally at shallow depths where a
that extends beyond the deposits of the
ridge is relatively high on the mountainside.
main phase west of the map area.
These are more stable than other deposits on
dme Deposits of Dishno Pond moraines (late
mountainsides, but some instability can be
dmeu Pleistocene)--Mark limits of readvances
expected on steeper slopes.
during general recession of glaciers from
aml Deposits of Alaskan moraines (Ho-
up-valley sources in mountain valleys.
locene)--Thickness probably less than 10
Thickness 10 m or more in Eagle River Val-
m. Single occurrence in head of valley trib-
ley and South Fork Valley, probably less
utary to Snowhawk Valley.
than 10 m in Chester and Wolverine Val-
eml Deposits of Elmendorf moraines (late
leys. dmeu are deposits modified by urban-
Pleistocene)--Thickness several to about
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