Hydraulic and Physical Properties Affecting Ice Jams
Ice cover formed from juxtaposition of ice floes
Ice cover formed from juxtaposition of ice floes-continue
Ice cover formed by undercover deposition
Figure 3. Frazil deposit formation
Ice cover formed from shoving and internal collapse
Figure 4. Typical breakup ice jam with equilibrium section
ICE PROPERTIES USED IN HYDRAULIC MODELS OF ICE JAMS
Roughness calculated from discharge measurements or estimates
Figure 6. Reported values of ice roughness
Roughness estimated during numerical model calibration
Uncertainty in ice roughness
Cohesion (Ci)
Figure 9. Calculated values of the coefficient of internal strength ()
Figure 10. Reported values of the angle of internal friction, φ, for freshwater ice
Porosity (p)
Figure 12. Reported porosity measurements and estimates.
Breakup ice jams and ice rubble
MISCELLANEOUS VARIABLES AFFECTING RIVER ICE HYDRAULICS
Jam erosion
Ice cover breakup and movement
Thermal effects on ice jams
Permeability - CR99_110031
RELIABILITY CONSIDERATIONS
LITERATURE CITED - CR99_110033
LITERATURE CITED-continue - CR99_110034
LITERATURE CITED-continue - CR99_110035
LITERATURE CITED-continue - CR99_110036
LITERATURE CITED-continue - CR99_110037
LITERATURE CITED-continue - CR99_110038
Report Documentation Page - CR99_110039
CR99_11
Ice cover formed from juxtaposition of ice floes
Ice cover formed from juxtaposition of ice floes-continue
Ice cover formed by undercover deposition
Figure 3. Frazil deposit formation
Ice cover formed from shoving and internal collapse
Figure 4. Typical breakup ice jam with equilibrium section
ICE PROPERTIES USED IN HYDRAULIC MODELS OF ICE JAMS
Roughness calculated from discharge measurements or estimates
Figure 6. Reported values of ice roughness
Roughness estimated during numerical model calibration
Uncertainty in ice roughness
Cohesion (Ci)
Figure 9. Calculated values of the coefficient of internal strength ()
Figure 10. Reported values of the angle of internal friction, φ, for freshwater ice
Porosity (p)
Figure 12. Reported porosity measurements and estimates.
Breakup ice jams and ice rubble
MISCELLANEOUS VARIABLES AFFECTING RIVER ICE HYDRAULICS
Jam erosion
Ice cover breakup and movement
Thermal effects on ice jams
Permeability - CR99_110031
RELIABILITY CONSIDERATIONS
LITERATURE CITED - CR99_110033
LITERATURE CITED-continue - CR99_110034
LITERATURE CITED-continue - CR99_110035
LITERATURE CITED-continue - CR99_110036
LITERATURE CITED-continue - CR99_110037
LITERATURE CITED-continue - CR99_110038
Report Documentation Page - CR99_110039
CR99_11
