Accounting for Clouds in Sea Ice Models
Figure 2. Annual cycle in amounts of low-level, mid-level, and total clouds and in ice crystal precipitation in the lower troposphere
Figure 3. Histogram of total cloud amount observed on North Pole 4 from 1 April 1956 to 15 April 1957
Figure 4. Histogram of total cloud amount observed during the drift of Ice Station Weddell from 25 February through 29 May 1992
CLOUD AMOUNT IN THE CENTRAL ARCTIC
Table 2. Total cloud amounts (n, in percent) observed on the North Pole drifting stations
Figure 5. February positions of the North Pole drifting stations manned between 1938 and 1991
Figure 6. Observations for 1955-1991 of the frequency of clear skies (02 tenths)
Figure 7. Frequency of clear skies (02 tenths) and overcast skies (8-10 tenths) in July on the north Pole drifting stations indicated in Fig. 5
ESTIMATING TOTAL CLOUD AMOUNT IN THE WINTER
Table 4. Values of α and β for the beta distributions describing total cloud amount in the winter
Table 5. Correlation coefficients between the total cloud amounts observed on North Pole 25 and cloud amounts estimated using eq 4
PARAMETERIZING THE LONGWAVE RADIATION BALANCE IN SEA ICE MODELS
Brunt's method
Maykut and Church's method
New test of the longwave parameterizations
Figure 10. Measured incoming longwave radiation during May 1992 on Ice Station Weddell
MODEL SENSITIVITY TO THE DESCRIPTION OF LONGWAVE RADIATION
MODEL SENSITIVITY TO THE DESCRIPTION OF LONGWAVE RADIATION-continue
Table 9. Modeled characteristics of a sea ice cover based on various longwave parameterizations
Table 10. Incoming longwave radiation (in W/m2) during the winter of 1982-1983 on North Pole 25
Figure 11. Temporal variability of total cloud amount for November 1982 on North Pole 25
Figure 13. Temporal variability of he longwave radiation balance and the sensible heat flux for the middle 10 days in May 1992
CONCLUSIONS - CR98_090030
LITERATURE CITED - CR98_090031
LITERATURE CITED-continue - CR98_090032
LITERATURE CITED-continue - CR98_090033
APPENDIX A: DETAILS OF EQUATIONS 3 AND 4
APPENDIX A: DETAILS OF EQUATIONS 3 AND 4-continue
Report Documentation Page - CR98_090037
CR98_09
Figure 2. Annual cycle in amounts of low-level, mid-level, and total clouds and in ice crystal precipitation in the lower troposphere
Figure 3. Histogram of total cloud amount observed on North Pole 4 from 1 April 1956 to 15 April 1957
Figure 4. Histogram of total cloud amount observed during the drift of Ice Station Weddell from 25 February through 29 May 1992
CLOUD AMOUNT IN THE CENTRAL ARCTIC
Table 2. Total cloud amounts (n, in percent) observed on the North Pole drifting stations
Figure 5. February positions of the North Pole drifting stations manned between 1938 and 1991
Figure 6. Observations for 1955-1991 of the frequency of clear skies (02 tenths)
Figure 7. Frequency of clear skies (02 tenths) and overcast skies (8-10 tenths) in July on the north Pole drifting stations indicated in Fig. 5
ESTIMATING TOTAL CLOUD AMOUNT IN THE WINTER
Table 4. Values of α and β for the beta distributions describing total cloud amount in the winter
Table 5. Correlation coefficients between the total cloud amounts observed on North Pole 25 and cloud amounts estimated using eq 4
PARAMETERIZING THE LONGWAVE RADIATION BALANCE IN SEA ICE MODELS
Brunt's method
Maykut and Church's method
New test of the longwave parameterizations
Figure 10. Measured incoming longwave radiation during May 1992 on Ice Station Weddell
MODEL SENSITIVITY TO THE DESCRIPTION OF LONGWAVE RADIATION
MODEL SENSITIVITY TO THE DESCRIPTION OF LONGWAVE RADIATION-continue
Table 9. Modeled characteristics of a sea ice cover based on various longwave parameterizations
Table 10. Incoming longwave radiation (in W/m2) during the winter of 1982-1983 on North Pole 25
Figure 11. Temporal variability of total cloud amount for November 1982 on North Pole 25
Figure 13. Temporal variability of he longwave radiation balance and the sensible heat flux for the middle 10 days in May 1992
CONCLUSIONS - CR98_090030
LITERATURE CITED - CR98_090031
LITERATURE CITED-continue - CR98_090032
LITERATURE CITED-continue - CR98_090033
APPENDIX A: DETAILS OF EQUATIONS 3 AND 4
APPENDIX A: DETAILS OF EQUATIONS 3 AND 4-continue
Report Documentation Page - CR98_090037
CR98_09
