the two ice types according to their bulk salinity.
Campbell, K.J. and A.S. Orange (1974) The elec-
For this reason the two ice types' bulk salinity vs.
trical anisotropy of sea ice in the horizontal plane.
thickness data should not be combined, as pre-
Journal of Geophysical Research, 79(33): 50595063.
viously reported, in an analysis of ice floe salin-
Cherepanov, N.V. (1975) Main results of an inves-
itythickness trends.
tigation of the crystal structure of sea ice. Problems
The Ryvlin relationship for determining the
of the Arctic and Antarctic, 41: 5568. (English trans-
bulk salinity vs. ice floe thickness is difficult, at
lation, TT 74-52009, National Technical Informa-
best, to use since the growth rate parameter is not
tion Service, U.S. Dept. of Commerce, Springfield,
a constant, but is shown to vary with ice thick-
Virginia.)
ness.
Cherepanov, N.V. and A.M. Kozlovskiy (1973a)
The bulk salinity vs. ice floe thickness trend for
Underwater ice in the coastal waters of Antarc-
winter sea ice is well represented by the expres-
tica. Soviet Antarctic Expedition, Information Bulle-
sion SB = 4.606 + 91.603/TF shown in Figure 18.
tin, Bulletin no. 84, American Geophysical Union
This expression is applicable to both cold Arctic
Translation, 8(6): 335338.
and Antarctic first-year sea ice grown in seawater
Cherepanov, N.V. and A.M. Kozlovskiy (1973b)
of ~31 to 34‰ salinity. The expression should not
Frazil ice of coastal waters in Antarctica. Soviet
be used for such southern sea ice environments as
Antarctic Expedition, Information Bulletin, Bulletin
the Gulf of St. Lawrence, where winter freeze
no. 84, American Geophysical Union Translation,
thaw cycles are common, and of course the low-
8(6): 6165.
salinity Baltic Sea, where ice salinities are typi-
Cox, J.C. and L.A. Schultz (1980) Brine channel
cally less than 1‰ for ice as thin as 0.2 m.
enlargement in sea ice during spring thaw. Ameri-
can Society of Mechanical Engineers, Heat Trans-
fer Division, Publication 80-WA/HT-18: 14.
Cox, G.F.N. and W .F. Weeks (1974) Salinity varia-
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