Form Approved
REPORT DOCUMENTATION PAGE
OMB No. 0704-0188
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1. AGENCY USE ONLY (Leave blank)
2. REPORT DATE
3. REPORT TYPE AND DATES COVERED
June 1996
4. TITLE AND SUBTITLE
5. FUNDING NUMBERS
Sea Ice: Part I. Bulk Salinity Versus Ice Floe Thickness
6. AUTHORS
Austin Kovacs
7. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME(S) AND ADDRESS(ES)
8. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION
REPORT NUMBER
U.S. Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory
72 Lyme Road
CRREL Report 96-7
Hanover, New Hampshire 03755-1290
9. SPONSORING/MONITORING AGENCY NAME(S) AND ADDRESS(ES)
10. SPONSORING/MONITORING
AGENCY REPORT NUMBER
U.S. Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory
72 Lyme Road
Hanover, New Hampshire 03755-1290
11. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES
For conversion of SI units to non-SI units of measurement consult ASTM Standard E380-93, Standard Practice for Use of
the International System of Units, published by the American Society for Testing and Materials, 1916 Race St., Philadel-
phia, Pa. 19103.
12a. DISTRIBUTION/AVAILABILITY STATEMENT
12b. DISTRIBUTION CODE
Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited.
Available from NTIS, Springfield, Virginia 22161
13. ABSTRACT (Maximum 200 words)
Mathematical expressions have been established for estimating the bulk salinity of Arctic and Antarctic sea ice
vs. ice floe thickness. The ice salinity vs. thickness relationships are based on data for over 400 sea ice cores
compiled from numerous sources. The results show that the bulk salinity of first-year sea ice decreases in an
exponential trend with ice sheet thickness. A similar trend reoccurs as the winter ice passes through the melt
season. The expression for the bulk salinity SB in ‰ for first-year sea ice from 10 to 200 cm thick is SB = 4.606 +
91.603/TF, where TF is the ice floe thickness in centimeters.
14. SUBJECT TERMS
15. NUMBER OF PAGES
24
Ice floes
Salinity
Sea ice
16. PRICE CODE
17. SECURITY CLASSIFICATION
18. SECURITY CLASSIFICATION
19. SECURITY CLASSIFICATION
20. LIMITATION OF ABSTRACT
OF REPORT
OF THIS PAGE
OF ABSTRACT
UNCLASSIFIED
UNCLASSIFIED
UNCLASSIFIED
UL
Standard Form 298 (Rev. 2-89)
NSN 7540-01-280-5500
Prescribed by ANSI Std. Z39-18
298-102
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