Figure 4. Unfrozen
25
water contents, as
kg1
0.001 mol
NaCl
0.01
measured by pulsed
0.1
20
NMR, of freezing
montmorillonite
15
pastes warmed from
66.6C to 0C. The
equilibrating solu-
10
tions of the pastes
were initially 0.1,
5
0.01, and 0.001 mol
kg1 NaCl.
0
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
Temperature (C)
2.0
Figure 5. Unfrozen
water contents, as
0.001 mol kg1 NaCl
0.01
measured by pulsed
0.1
1.5
NMR, of freezing
sand pastes cooled
from 0C to 66.6C.
1.0
The equilibrating so-
lutions of the pastes
were initially 0.1,
0.5
0.01, and 0.001 mol
kg1 NaCl.
0.0
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
Temperature (C)
2.0
Figure 6. Unfrozen
water contents, as
0.001 mol kg1 NaCl
0.01
measured by pulsed
0.1
1.5
NMR, of freezing
sand pastes warmed
from 66.6C to 0C.
1.0
The equilibrating so-
lutions of the pastes
were initially 0.1,
0.5
0.01, and 0.001 mol
kg1 NaCl.
0.0
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
Temperature (C)
12
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