Table 6. Unfrozen-water contents, as
Table 7. Unfrozen-water contents, as
measured by pulsed NMR, of sand
measured by pulsed NMR, of sand
pastes cooled from 0C to 66.6C.
pastes warmed from 66.6C to 0C.
Specific liquid water content (kg kg1)
Specific liquid water content (kg kg1)
Initial NaCl solution molality
Initial NaCl solution molality
Temperature
0.1
0.01
0.001
Temperature
0.1
0.01
0.001
(C)
(C)
1
1
mol kg1
1
1
mol kg1
mol kg
mol kg
mol kg
mol kg
0.14
0.0145
0.0119
19.20
0.0039
0.25
0.0106
0.0069
17.30
0.0056
0.34
0.0096
0.0040
13.60
0.0083
0.43
0.0096
10.40
0.0147
0.0026
0.52
0.0086
7.90
0.0257
0.0062
0.61
0.0067
6.00
0.0298
0.0045
0.76
0.0067
4.20
0.0387
0.0065
0.81
0.0038
3.26
0.0559
0.0102
0.89
0.0048
2.80
0.0571
0.0122
1.10
0.0076
2.18
0.0669
0.0132
1.20
0.0067
1.75
0.0796
0.0133
1.29
0.0057
1.63
0.0787
0.0133
1.45
0.0047
1.50
0.0817
0.0123
1.54
0.0085
1.33
0.0828
0.0124
1.76
0.0085
1.20
0.0877
0.0124
1.96
0.0066
1.13
0.0992
0.0133
2.15
0.0481
0.0066
1.01
0.1041
0.0115
2.43
0.0461
0.0066
0.97
0.1032
0.0115
2.69
0.0431
0.0056
0.86
0.1148
0.0115
3.02
0.0392
0.0047
0.80
0.1207
0.0086
3.21
0.0410
0.0056
0.65
0.1372
0.0125
3.75
0.0380
0.0046
0.58
0.1488
0.0134
4.40
0.0340
0.0046
0.50
0.1634
0.0144
5.70
0.0290
0.0045
0.34
0.1897
0.0173
7.20
0.0214
0.27
0.2062
0.0154
9.00
0.0149
0.21
0.0144
11.00
0.0111
0.19
0.0144
0.0089
14.10
0.0075
0.14
0.0154
0.0099
17.00
0.0056
0.08
0.0154
0.0139
20.00
0.0039
0.02
0.0280
0.0199
23.00
0.0023
24.70
0.0023
Note: The equilibrating solutions of the pastes
were initially 0.1, 0.01, and 0.001 mol kg1
Note: The equilibrating solutions of the pastes
NaCl. Data are not presented for temperatures
were initially 0.1, 0.01, and 0.001 mol kg1
at which no liquid water was detected.
NaCl. Data are not presented for temperatures
at which no liquid water was detected.
resented by H2O(cr,I)] and hydrohalite, NaCl2H2O(cr) (Archer 1992). Our calcu-
lations of solution molalities assumed implicitly that all of the NaCl remained in
solution as ice was formed. We did not calculate the molalities of solutions for obser-
vations below 252 K, since the possible formation of hydrohalite at these tempera-
tures invalidated our assumption that all of the NaCl remained in the liquid phase.
The molality of the liquid solution at a particular temperature of interest Tf was calcu-
lated by
miθi
mTf =
(22)
θTf
initial NaCl molality of solutions of pastes (mol kg1)
where mi =
mTf =
NaCl molality of solutions of pastes at temperature Tf (mol kg1)
θi =
initial specific liquid-water content (kg kg1)
θTf =
specific liquid-water content at T = Tf (kg kg1).
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