formation extracted from Berenyl et al. (1992, 1994),
Table 13. Russian Federation shipping fleet
as of 1 July 1992 (ships of 300 gross tons and
for those companies that operate in the Arctic and
greater) (from Holt 1993).
Far East follow.
Dwt
Number
Arctic Shipping Company
Ship type
(000)
of ships
The Yakutsk Production Organization was re-
organized in March 1991 and became known as
Oil tankers
3,908.9
239
Chemical tankers
32.8
9
the Arctic Shipping Company. The company's
Liquid gas tanker
0
0
headquarters are in Tiksi, which is located near
Bulk carriers
15,05.0
74
the Lena River estuary on the Laptev Sea. Its gross
OBO carriers
16,11.6
18
revenues in 1990 were 40 million rubles. Payroll
Container vessels
4,84.6
40
staff involved in transport operations and cargo
General cargo vessels
39,23.9
793
Reefer vessels
1,055.1
190
management comprises 1660 employees. The fleet
Ro-ro ships
1,072.5
70
consists mainly of general cargo ships, many of
which are "ice-class." The average vessel cargo-
Total
13,594.4
1,433
carrying capacity is under 4000 dwt.
and travel at 17 kn in open water when fully
Far Eastern Shipping Company (FESCO)
loaded. They are ice-classed as ULA, the highest
The Far Eastern Shipping Company is involved
freighter rating in the Russian Registry, and are
in domestic sea transportation service along the
able to operate independently and continuously
Pacific coast from Posyet in the south to Pevek on
at 2 kn in 1-m-thick ice. Special ice navigation
the East Siberian Sea (28% of all activities), in bi-
features include air-bubbling and water jetting sys-
lateral trade (65%), and in regular liner cross trade
tems and a low-friction hull coating to enable
(10%). The company is a well-established and well-
easier passage. The two Finnish yards of Wartsila
regarded carrier with a diversified organization
and Valmet produced the first 14 of these ships,
and service network. Its headquarters are in
the first of which, the Noril'sk, was completed in
Vladivostok, and it employs a staff of close to
1982. Five more were built between 1985 and 1987.
19,000. FESCO is the largest of Russia's Far East
As of July 1994, these 19 were owned by the
ship owners, having a fleet of over 225 vessels
Murmansk, Far Eastern, North Bulk, and Sahkalin
totalling 1.8 million dwt. Universal cargo vessels
shipping companies and were operating along
make up 40% of its fleet, and timber carriers an-
the NSR.
other 20%. The fleet includes 21 container vessels
(less than 15,000 dwt average capacity), 88 general
Principal Arctic shipping companies
cargo ships (300012,000 dwt), 39 timber carriers
The Russian Federation's nine principal ship-
(40006000 dwt), 15 reefer vessels (5500 dwt aver-
ping companies, their respective fleets, and their
age), and seven dry bulk carriers (12,00015,000
trade patterns are listed in Table 14. Peters (1993)
dwt). Until 1991, the company was functionally
has compiled a paragraph of specifics on each of
those listed. His descriptions, with additional in-
responsible for the ports of Nakhodka, Vladivo-
Table 14. Russia's principal shipping companies, their fleet composi-
tion, and trade patterns as of 1991 (from Peters 1993).
Fleet composition
Trade distribution
Tonnage
Number
International
Cabotage
Company
(000 dwt)
of ships
(000 tons)
(000 tons)
Arctic
94.4
25
223
452
Baltic
1,920.6
178
11,509
Negligible
Far Eastern
1,846.2
228
10,243
6,584
Kamchatka
220.4
53
330
2,939
Murmansk
929.3
78
5,675
2,895
Northern
673.0
135
5,299
660
Novorossiysk
5,321.8
112
46,093
790
Primorsk
597.8
53
2,171
4,887
Sakhalin
419.4
88
2,574
10,231
49
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