MayFirst
Half of June
Old Ice
Clear Water
One-year
Coast Ice
Thick Ice
One-year Medium Thickness Ice
and Light Ice; Young Ice
Figure 15. General distribution of various ice types at the time of maximum development. According
to WMO (1970), multiyear ice is that which has survived at least one melt season and is not less than
2.5 m thick; first-year thick ice is between 1.2 and 2 m thick; first-year medium ice, first-year thin ice,
and young ice covers the range from 0.1 to 1.2 m thick. (Translated from RSMOT, in prep.)
--
Ice Massifs
Alaska
GREENLAND
--------------------------------
Ch
Bering
S
B
A Novaya Zemlya (Novozemelskiy)
u
kc
ea
hi S e a
C Sorth Kara (Severniy Karskiy)
D Tevernaya Zemlya (Severozemelskiy)
I
E Yaymyr (Taymyrskiy)
Provideniya
F Nana (Janskiy)
H
ORT
G Aovosibirskiy
S Mys
H W on (Ayonskiy)
y
hmidta
OL
I N rangel (Vrangelevskiy)
G
Pevek
orth Chukchi (Chukotskiy Severniy)
ARCTIC
OCEAN
S
East
a d yr
NORWAY
iberianSea
F
0
60
SWEDEN
12
90
a
B
In
e
Riv
E
B aS e n t s
r
D
FINLAND
ea
Murmansk
pte
C
Magadan
La
Sea
iver
Tiksi
A
St. Petersburg
Nordvik
r
ra
Dikson
Khatanga
Arkhangel'sk
O ea of
S
r
ek
Dudinka
khotsk
River
Salekhard
500
0
Noril'sk
LE
Yakutsk
Yamburg
RC
Igarka
CI
Nautical Miles
R
IC
ARCT
0
1000
R
U
S
S
I
A
Kilometers
Figure 16. Location of recurring ice massifs (from Gudkovich et al. 1972).
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