= Natural densification of snow at 1 to 48C
A
= Slow natural compression of dense firn and
B
porous ice (from polar caps)
C = Slow compression of solid ice
E = Calculated values from plane wave impact at
2040 m/s
F = Hugoniot data for explosively generated shock
waves with impact velocity of 112 m/s at tem-
peratures of 7 to 18C
4 1
J = Compression at strain rate 10 s at 7 to
18C
K = Compression in uniaxial strain with incre-
mental loading at 2 to 3C
Solid Lines = Abele and Gow data, T = 0 to 34C,
ρ0 = 90 to 270 kg/m3
Figure 25. Compression of undisturbed snow and ice. (After Abele and Gow 1975.)
1.6
1.2
λ = 0.33
0.8
0.4
0.0
3
2
1
0
4
1
ln(p)
Figure 26. Pressurevolume data from compression tests of Abele and Gow (1975).
17
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