results appear to be close to one another and it is
A = area of aggregate
unclear at this time whether this is the range one
P = perimeter of aggregate.
can expect between crushed gravel and crushed
stone. Visual examination of the crushed gravel
The roundness index for a perfect circle is 100.
and crushed stone showed that the crushed
However, with image analysis, because of the
gravel mostly had one fractured face with the re-
square pixels matrix, the best that can be obtained
mainder of the body being rounded. The crushed
is 95. As the material becomes angular, the round-
stone had several fractured faces and was defi-
ness index decreases (Fig. 11b).
nitely more angular than the crushed gravel.
The results of the tests conducted on the VAOT
aggregates are shown in Tables 4 to 6. The mean
level, the roundness mean value between
and variance of the roundness and roughness for
crushed gravel and crushed stone is significantly
the three aggregates are shown in Table 7. On the
different. The mean roundness values between
average, the results from crushed gravel as com-
the crushed stones are not significantly different
pared to the results from crushed stone indicate a
decrease in roundness and an increase in rough-
The mean roughness values ranged from 1.031
ness, suggesting that the crushed stone is more
angular and rougher. The roundness index
to 1.050 for the crushed gravel and crushed stone,
respectively. Again, the range is fairly small, even
ranged from 78.54 to 72.36 for crushed gravel to
though the crushed gravel was fairly smooth and
crushed stone, respectively, indicating by defini-
the crushed stone was rough. Statistically there is
tion that all the materials are fairly angular. The
Table 4. Image analysis results for crushed gravel.
Aggregate
Length
Width
Breadth
Area
Perimeter Roundness Roughness
1
19.6069
11.9607
13.9666
184.3518
55.0471
76.4519
1.0379
2
17.3974
13.5917
15.1222
171.3743
51.4075
81.4897
1.0371
3
32.8975
22.6729
24.7369
523.6398
90.942
79.5635
1.0365
4
8.8634
7.0677
8.0576
45.2048
25.7946
85.3764
1.0106
5
20.6594
18.0406
18.8365
284.5665
63.7988
87.8554
1.0327
6
24.9787
21.487
21.487
378.1483
76.026
82.2143
1.0298
7
29.8133
19.0284
23.0986
446.1356
84.5824
78.364
1.0295
8
19.8755
9.4006
9.4006
143.617
51.2797
68.6316
1.0258
9
19.2669
12.8389
12.8389
194.0849
53.7019
84.5712
1.0193
10
20.1157
14.7801
15.1222
204.8994
56.8332
79.7161
1.0421
11
11.6129
8.155
9.834
66.8338
35.615
66.2125
1.0762
12
15.4945
9.2375
10.0815
90.6258
40.2236
70.3881
1.0132
13
20.4127
17.1896
17.1896
256.1603
61.3262
85.5913
1.0288
14
30.8876
20.9589
22.83
436.9793
84.7282
76.4918
1.0432
15
27.4552
20.4127
21.2242
380.6716
80.5014
73.8164
1.0377
16
8.8634
7.7891
7.7891
47.0072
25.8876
88.1435
1.0012
17
17.4827
14.3263
15.8358
174.2582
52.825
78.4736
1.0339
18
28.7389
24.2815
27.1274
520.9001
89.8696
81.0474
1.0431
19
17.7753
7.6114
7.6114
103.7474
46.2675
60.9026
1.0454
20
29.2761
23.6358
23.6358
380.3112
85.3504
65.6051
1.0458
21
21.7556
18.5712
20.6813
296.1741
66.4352
84.3258
1.0346
22
13.9666
12.6686
13.4294
121.5554
43.8107
79.5837
1.038
23
18.4751
11.1999
11.1999
159.5504
50.0157
80.1486
1.0175
24
12.1408
7.3755
7.3755
69.6456
32.8435
81.1344
1.0132
25
28.7389
16.6525
16.6525
342.4603
76.8337
72.8982
1.042
26
23.0986
15.0409
15.0409
264.5235
66.0363
76.2269
1.0287
27
10.8734
7.1632
7.1632
50.4678
29.1575
74.5975
1.0173
28
18.2129
15.8467
17.2447
220.7607
56.0032
88.4516
1.0181
29
12.6236
9.8162
10.4749
85.3627
36.7793
79.2995
1.0404
30
21.0339
16.1835
17.9472
242.8945
61.7914
79.9413
1.0414
31
28.6527
17.1255
17.1255
352.1213
77.1649
74.3126
1.0277
32
12.8389
7.6938
8.9736
71.5922
34.6879
74.7685
1.0324
33
9.4006
7.6938
8.0576
48.5212
26.73
85.3384
1.0048
34
9.5015
8.155
8.4682
57.3891
28.5749
88.3224
1.0175
7