mal probability paper to determine if the
mates obtained for the stirred composite samples
assumption of a normal distribution was rea-
were also plotted on normal probability paper to
sonable. The data transformed by taking the
determine if compositing and mixing normalized
natural logs were also plotted. Sampling vari-
the data. Both ANOVA and the Kruskal-Wallis
test (the nonparametric equivalent of ANOVA)
ance, defined as the spatial heterogeneity, and
were used to compare the means obtained by the
analytical variance, ascribable to mixing, sub-
three mixing protocols.
sampling, extraction, dilution, and measurement
Sieved composite samples. The numbers of parti-
in the laboratory, were calculated using ANOVA
on the untransformed or transformed data.
cles detected using each grid spacing and shape
Stirred composite samples. Concentration esti-
were tabulated.
Table 4. White phosphorus concentrations and numbers of particles found in discrete samples
taken from the nodes of a 1.82-m-square grid in a 7- 20-m area. Two subsamples of each dis-
crete sample were extracted and analyzed.
Mass of
sediment
Particles
examined
x
y
WP conc.
Field replicates
found by
for particles
(g/g dry weight)
Row
Column
(m)
(m)
Mean
Separate samples
hot plate
(g)
1
1
0
0
0.0830
0.0228
0.0529
0
125
1
2
1.82
0
0.0082
0.0070
0.0076
0
115
1
3
3.64
0
0.0040
0.0043
0.0042
0
119
1
4
5.46
0
0.0296
0.0269
0.0282
0
115
2
1
0
1.82
0.0357
0.0397
0.0377
0
126
2
2
1.82
1.82
0.0039
0.0048
0.0043
0
122
2
3
3.64
1.82
0.0049
0.0063
0.0056
0.0059
0.013
0
108
2
4
5.46
1.82
0.0047
0.0063
0.0055
0
122
3
1
0
3.64
0.0130
0.0126
0.0128
0
131
3
2
1.82
3.64
0.0062
0.0075
0.0068
0
123
3
3
3.64
3.64
0.0134
0.0146
0.0140
0
129
3
4
5.46
3.64
0.0244
0.0155
0.0200
0
127
4
1
0
5.46
0.165
0.169
0.167
0
134
4
2
1.82
5.46
7.04
6.59
6.82
0
105
4
3
3.64
5.46
0.0542
0.0293
0.0417
0.0636
0.0601
0
104
4
4
5.46
5.46
0.0189
0.0219
0.0204
0
123
5
1
0
7.28
0.227
0.251
0.239
0
117
5
2
1.82
7.28
8.62
7.91
8.26
0
118
5
3
3.64
7.28
0.870
1.01
0.939
0
132
5
4
5.46
7.28
0.0158
0.0195
0.0176
0
116
6
1
0
9.1
0.0463
0.0679
0.0571
0
128
6
2
1.82
9.1
0.0140
0.0241
0.0190
0
130
6
3
3.64
9.1
0.117
0.172
0.145
0
134
6
4
5.46
9.1
0.0128
0.0117
0.0122
0.0571
0.0541
0
115
7
1
0
10.9
36.2
377
206
9
137
7
2
1.82
10.9
0.0655
0.0564
0.0610
0
127
7
3
3.64
10.9
0.0944
0.0985
0.0965
0.169
0.186
0
111
7
4
5.46
10.9
40.7
72.2
56.4
6
126
8
1
0
12.7
13.84
9.00
11.42
0
117
8
2
1.82
12.7
9.59
9.40
9.50
0
120
8
3
3.64
12.7
0.0241
0.0239
0.0240
0
125
8
4
5.46
12.7
1.22
1.27
1.24
0.671
0.818
0
125
9
1
0
14.6
0.203
0.240
0.222
0
129
9
2
1.82
14.6
0.0975
0.105
0.101
0
130
9
3
3.64
14.6
2.64
2.66
2.65
0
121
9
4
5.46
14.6
0.0987
0.0794
0.0890
0
127
10
1
0
16.4
0.0544
0.0636
0.0590
0
110
10
2
1.82
16.4
0.171
0.152
0.161
0
108
10
3
3.64
16.4
32.0
49.9
40.9
0
104
10
4
5.46
16.4
0.456
0.467
0.461
0
107
11
1
0
18.2
671
629
650
102
117
11
2
1.82
18.2
5.73
7.39
6.56
5
105
11
3
3.64
18.2
2.12
0.876
1.50
0
108
11
4
5.46
18.2
1.08
0.811
0.947
0
101
12
1
0
20
8.74
0.435
4.59
0
112
12
2
1.82
20
0.989
0.767
0.878
0
121
12
3
3.64
20
0.517
0.562
0.540
0
104
12
4
5.46
20
0.535
0.643
0.589
0
118
9
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