Table 13. Predicted applications to failure ( 1000) from Phase 1 simulation series of flexible pavement test sections

Table 12. Maximum frost heave and frost penetration in modeled simulations

Figure 13. Cumulative damage for case f4w6 with 1232 subgrade

SR96_21
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Table 13 lists the applications to failure pre-

dicted from the 1-year simulation period ap-

plied to the flexible sections. The values listed

in Table 13 were determined by taking the re-

ciprocal of the one year (365-day) cumulative

damage value produced by the CUMDAM pro-

gram and multiplying by the number of appli-

cations received by the sections during that

time period (562,830 per year). This applica-

tion rate was based on an initial estimate that

the traffic across the test sections would be

2,815,000 ESALs in 5 years, or 5,630,000

ESALs in 10 years. Note that the values listed

in Table 15 are thousands of ESAL applica-

tions. Subsequent to conducting the Phase 1

series, a revised estimate is that the 5-year sec-

tions will receive 3,300,000 ESAL applications

in five years, (i.e., are designed to fail after

3,300,000 ESAL applications); the 10-year sec-

tions will fail at 6,600,000 ESAL applications.

Individual values listed in Table 13 vary

Figure 10. Deflection and strain calculated by NELAPAV

anywhere from very much below to very much

for Mn/ROAD test section ML5-F4 with a 1.8-m (6-ft)

above the failure values described. By compar-

water table. Horizontal strain is at the base of the pave-

ing values horizontally across the table for any

ment. Vertical strain is at the top of the subgrade.

case, it can be seen that different models esti-

Table 13. Predicted applications to failure ( 1000) from Phase 1 simulation series of flexible

pavement test sections.

Horizontal criteria

Vertical criteria

Asp. Inst. Corps of

MS-11 Engineers

ld = low density (1.69 Mg/m3 or 105.5 lb/ft3)

ss = second subgrade (1232)

Traffic simulated at rate of 562,830 ESAL applications/yr

Western Governors University

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