snow lingered on the ice for another week before
Base Costs
melting off. This insulating snow can be very ef-
Hydroseeder
00/day
fective at shielding the ice from solar radiation as
Mulching leaves
well as protecting the ice from warmer air tem-
Leaf mulcher
50/day
peratures. Both of these factors combine to delay
Labor (2 laborers @ .00 /
ice melt and deterioration.
hour each)
400/day
Loader and operator
0/day
Cost estimates
The costs for dusting using the hydroseeder are
Since it took about an hour to fill the hydro-
enumerated below. The base costs listed below are
seeder with leaves and water and to dust 8,000
m2 using the cannon, we estimated that using the
the costs per day of the equipment and labor used
in this project. Since we were not charged for the
hydroseeder for a full day (8 hours) we could dust
64,000 m2. A front-end loader was used to load
labor or front loader (both were supplied by the
City of Montpelier) we provide estimates of those
the leaves into the hydroseeder and we have in-
base costs. There was no cost for the leaves since
cluded one day's service for a loader and opera-
these were annually collected and disposed of by
tor. From our experience we required 18 bags of
mulch to cover 8,000 m2. It takes 8 hours for two
the City of Montpelier. Thus, the only additional
costs to the city for the leaves was mulching them.
workers to mulch 20 bags of leaves; thus to mulch
8
White R.
6
4
2
0
6
White R.
4
2
0
Bridge St.
60
Ice in
Control Section
Ice in
Test Section
40
20
Snow in
Snow in
Control Section
Test Section
0
12
Snow in
Hartford Village
Control Section
8
Snow in
4
Test Section
0
17 Mar `94
19
21
23
25
27
29
31
Figure 15. Meteorological conditions, snow cover depth, and ice thick-
ness during the field tests on the White River in Hartford, Vermont.
12
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