Eq. first
Symbol
Definition
SI unit
cited
′
mol dm3 mol1
fitted parameter in modified Vand equation
8
Q0
′
mol dm3 mol1 K1
fitted parameter in modified Vand equation
8
Q1
Qc
mol m3 s1
a source-sink term for the jth solute
2
j
r
mean radius of largest undrained pore class
m
54
molar entropy of the α phase
α
J K1 mol1
13
Sm
temperature (≡ T 273.15)
C
t
5
parameter in VTF equation = 123.15C
C
t0
5
T
thermodynamic temperature
K
3
T s+l
freezing temperature of a solution
K
43
T s+ l,*
freezing temperature of a pure solvent
K
43
Trc
conventional reference temperature = 298.15 K
K
11
Trw
working reference temperature = 273.15 K
K
11
limiting temperature for supercooled water
K
3
Ts
= 227.15 K
m s1
Darcian flow velocity vector
1
v
α
molar volume of the α phase
m3
51
Vm
m3
VT
total volume of a system
21
m3 mol1
partial molar volume of component A
22
VA
α
mole fraction of B in the α phase
dimensionless
29
xB
X
a physical property of supercooled water
3
z
vertical distance above datum
m
1
α
m1
parameter in van Genuchten equation
83
γiw
N m1
interfacial tension of ice against water
78
γwa
N m1
interfacial tension of water against air
9
γB
kg mol1
activity coefficient for solute B
32
γBC
mean-ionic activity coefficient for solute BC
dimensionless
39
∆ls Hm
J mol1
molar enthalpy of melting for pure water
14
*
∆T
depression of solvent freezing point =
K
47
(T s+ l,* - T s+ l )
ε
reduced temperature ≡ (T Ts)/Ts)
dimensionless
3
θ
volumetric liquid-water content
dimensionless
53
θr
residual liquid-water content
dimensionless
84
θs
saturated liquid-water content
dimensionless
84
Θ
reduced liquid-water content
dimensionless
83
λ
parameter in van Genuchten equation
dimensionless
83
B
J mol1
chemical potential of B
27
B
O
J mol1
standard state chemical potential of B
28
α
chemical potential of B in the α phase
J mol1
58
B
ν
viscosity
Pa s
5
ν0
reference viscosity in VTF equation
Pa s
5
vi
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