Sisk (1996) Field sampling and selecting on-site
chemistry for on-site TNT/RDX determination.
analytical methods for explosives in soil. Federal
Current Protocols in Analytical Chemistry, John Wiley
Facilities Forums Issue, EPA Report 540/R-97/501.
and Sons, V. Lopez-Avila, Ed., Unit 2D.2, 1998.
Jenkins, T.F., P.G. Thorne, and M.E. Walsh (1994)
Crockett, A.B., T.F. Jenkins, H.D. Craig, and W.E.
Sisk (1998) Overview of on-site analytical meth-
Field screening method for TNT and RDX in
ods for explosives in soil. USA Cold Regions Re-
groundwater. USA Cold Regions Research and En-
search and Engineering Laboratory, Special Report
gineering Laboratory, Special Report 94-14.
98-4.
Jenkins, T.F., M.E. Walsh, P.G. Thorne, S.
Crockett, A.B., H.D. Craig, and T.F. Jenkins (in
Thiboutot, G. Ampleman, T.A. Ranney, and C.L.
press) Field sampling and selecting on-site meth-
Grant (1997) Assessment of sampling error asso-
ods for explosives in water. EPA Federal Facilities
ciated with the collection and analysis of soil
Forum Issue paper. EPA Office of Research and
samples at a firing range contaminated with HMX.
Development, Office of Solid Waste and Emer-
USA Cold Regions Research and Engineering
gency Response.
Laboratory, Special Report 97-22.
Erickson E.D., D.J. Knight, D.J. Burdick, and S.R.
Jenkins, T.F., M.E. Walsh, P.G. Thorne, P.H.
Greni (1984) Indicator tubes for the detection of
Miyares, T.A. Ranney, C.L. Grant, and J. Esparza
explosives. Naval Weapons Center Report NWC
(1998). Site characterization at the inland firing
TP 6569, China Lake, California.
range impact area at Ft. Ord. USA Cold Regions
Grant, C.L., T.F. Jenkins, and S.M. Golden (1993)
Research and Engineering Laboratory, Special
Evaluation of pre-extraction analytical holding
Report 98-9.
times for nitroaromatics and nitramine explosives
Jian, C, and W.R. Seitz (1990) Membrane for in
in water. USA Cold Regions Research and Engi-
situ optical detection of organic nitro compounds
neering Laboratory, Special Report 93-24.
based on fluorescence quenching. Analytica
Heller, C.A., S.R. Grenl, and E.E. Erickson (1982)
Chimica Acta, 237: 265271.
Field detection of 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene in water by
Keuchel, C., and R. Niessner (1994) Rapid field
ion-exchange resins. Analytical Chemistry, 54: 286-
screening test for the determination of 2,4,6-trini-
289.
trotoluene in water and soil with immuno-filtra-
Haas, R., and G. Stork (1989) Konzept zur
tion. Fresenius Journal of Analytical Chemistry, 350:
Untersuchung von Rustungsaltlasten: 1. Unter-
538543.
Keuchel, C., L. Weil, and R. Niessner (1992a)
suchung ehemaliger TNT-Fabriken und
Effect of the variation of the length of the spacer
Fullstellen. Fresenius Journal of Analytical Chemis-
in a competitive enzyme immunoassay (ELISA)
try, 335: 839846.
for the determination of 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene
Haas, R., I. Schreiber, E. von Low, and G. Stork
(TNT). Fresenius Journal of Analytical Chemistry, 343:
(1990) Conception for the investigation of contami-
143.
nated munition plant wastes: 2. Investigation of
Keuchel, C., L. Weil, and R. Niessner (1992b)
former RDX-plants and filling stations. Fresenius
Enzyme-linked immuno assay for the determina-
Journal of Analytical Chemistry, 338: 4145.
tion of 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene and related nitro-
Hutter, L., G. Teaney, and J.W. Stave (1993) A
aromatic compounds. Analytical Sciences, 8: 912.
novel field screening system for TNT using EIA,
p. 472 in Field Screening Methods for Hazardous
Shriver-Lake, L.C., K.A. Breslin, P.T. Charles,
D.W . Conrad, J.P. Golden, and F.S. Ligler (1995)
Wastes and Toxic Chemicals, Vol. 1, Proceedings
Detection of TNT using evanescent wave fiber-
of the 1993 U.S. EPA/A and WMA International Sym-
optic biosensor. Analytical Chemistry, 67: 24312435.
posium.
Jenkins, T.F. (1990) Development of a simplified
Shriver-Lake, L.C, B.L. Donner, and F.S. Ligler
(1997) On-site detection of TNT with a portable
field method for the determination of TNT in soil.
fiber optic biosensor. Environ. Sci. Technol. 31(3):
USA Cold Regions Research and Engineering
837841.
Laboratory, Special Report 90-38.
Stevanovic, S., and M. Mitrovic (1990) Colorimet-
Jenkins, T.F., and P.W. Schumacher (1990) Evalu-
ric method for semiquantitative determination of
ation of a field kit for detection of TNT in water
nitroorganics in water. International Journal of En-
and soils. USA Cold Regions Research and Engi-
vironmental Analytical Chemistry, 40: 6976.
neering Laboratory, Special Report 90-20.
Teaney, G.B., and R.T. Hudak (1994) Development
Jenkins, T.F., and M.E. Walsh (1992) Development
of an enzyme immunoassay based field screening
of field screening methods for TNT, 2,4-DNT and
method for the detection of RDX in soil and wa-
RDX in soil. Talanta, 39: 419428.
ter. Proceedings of the 87th Annual Meeting and Ex-
Jenkins, T.F., and M.E. Walsh (1998) Reagent
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