and 10% decreased by about one-fourth when
for the water sample duplicates was used for each
held for 2227 days, and by almost one-half when
analyte. Table 4 shows the Henry's law constants
established for each experiment and the means for
held from 49 to 55 days. Samples that initially had
each of the six analytes, differentiating between
a 20% moisture content decreased by about 10 and
vessels with and without a membrane cover. Also
20% over these two exposure periods, respec-
included in Table 4 are some literature values
tively. Likewise between 5 and 15% of the water
reported by Dewulf et al. (1995) for Henry's law
was also lost from the saturated soil samples. The
constants for VOCs at 10C. Overall there was very
water samples lost ≤5% of their mass over these
periods. In addition to the individual water and
good agreement between the literature values and
soil values, the mean, or in one case the single
mean values determined for the eight chamber
highest value, obtained for the three chamber
experiments. This agreement between experimen-
vapor samples, is reported for each experiment.
tal and reported Henry's law constants supports
Extremely low values for the chamber vapor sam-
the decision to remove the aberrantly low vapor
ples were omitted, because they were suspected to
determinations.
have been caused by a needle blockage, thus pre-
The mean values for the two water reservoirs
venting the proper retrieval or transfer of a gas
(vessels with and without membrane covers) for
sample.
seven of the eight experiments were found to be
The ratio of analyte concentrations between the
significantly different at the 95% confidence level
for both TCE and PCE, using a Student's t-test. A
chamber 's vapor and water phases are estimates
of the Henry's law constants for these VOCs at
possible explanation for this phenomenon is that
11C. To determine these ratios, the mean values
the membrane preferentially sorbed chlorinated
Table 4. Estimates of Henry's law constants (vapor/water)
for VOCs at 11C.
Expt.
TDCE
Ben
TCE
Tol
PCE
p-Xyl
1
0.16
0.13
0.16
0.11
0.24
0.067
0.17n
0.12n
0.17n
0.11n
0.31n
0.071n
2
0.14
0.13
0.16
0.11
0.24
0.096
3
0.13
0.11
0.14
0.091
0.22
0.085
0.14n
0.11n
0.16n
0.10n
0.29n
0.093n
4
0.11
0.098
0.13
0.11
0.21
0.12
5
0.15
0.11
0.15
0.11
0.22
0.088
0.16n
0.11n
0.16n
0.097n
0.29n
0.10n
6
0.19
0.11
0.15
0.10
0.21
0.096
0.21n
0.11n
0.16n
0.11n
0.27n
0.10n
7
0.15
0.10
0.14
0.098
0.19
0.089
0.16n
0.11n
0.16n
0.11n
0.26n
0.10n
8
0.18
0.11
0.14
0.098
0.19
0.087
0.17n
0.10n
0.15n
0.099n
0.24n
0.094n
Membrane (8)
Mean
0.151
0.112
0.146
0.103
0.215
0.0910
s.d.*
0.026
0.012
0.011
0.008
0.019
0.0147
†
% rsd
17%
11%
7.5%
7.8%
8.8%
16%
No membrane (6)
Mean
0.168
0.110
0.160
0.104
0.277
0.0930
s.d.
0.023
0.006
0.006
0.006
0.025
0.0112
% rsd
14%
5.4%
3.8%
7.8%
9.0%
12%
Literature values (Dewulf et al. 1995)
Mean
--
0.097
0.139 0.106
0.256
0.107
s.d.
--
0.0057
0.0053 0.0091
0.010
0.0080
% rsd
--
5.9%
3.8% 8.6%
4.0%
7.5%
n No membrane (open vessel).
* Standard deviation.
† Percent relative deviation.
5