Table 1. Numerical model material data.
Density
Specific heat
Latent heat
(kg/m3)
(J/m3)
(J/hr m C)
(J/kg C)
Material and state
Material 4
Sand
Frozen
5616
1836
784.8
45.3 106
Unfrozen
6228
1836
940.32
Material 6
Water
Frozen
7984.8
917.0
2096.2
334 106
Unfrozen
2170.8
998.2
4183.92
Material 7
Extruded polystyrene
104.04
28.84
1214.23
Material 11
Rock
9242
2700
879
0
0.5
Temperature 2C
1
0
Figure 5. FE output showing isothermal progression.
1.0
1
The time steps are 12 h apart.
2
1.5
y
x
2.0
0
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
a. Mid-December.
0
0
0.5
0.5
Temperature 2C
1.0
1.0
Temperature 2C
1
1
0
1.5
1.5
y
y
1
0
x
x
2.0
2.0
0
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
0
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
c. Early April.
b. Mid-February.
5
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