Figure 23. Wastewater line installation in tunnel.
ture outside. No damage to the line occurred. As
Engineering Laboratory, Special Report 226.
part of the daily maintenance routine at the sta-
Mellor, M. (1977) Mechanics of cutting and bor-
tion, the outfall is checked twice a day. Again, this
ing, Part IV: Dynamics and energetics of transverse
can now be accomplished in a well-lit, controlled
rotation machines. U.S. Army Cold Regions Re-
environment without risk to personnel. The un-
search and Engineering Laboratory, CRREL Report
lined tunnel and the system designed to machine
77-19.
it have already proven to be a useful addition to
Mosley-Thompson, E., L.G. Thompson, J.F.
the safe and effective operation of the U.S.
Paskievitch, M. Pourchet, A.J. Gow, M.E. Davis,
AmundsenScott South Pole Station.
and J. Kleinman (1995) Recent increase in South
Pole snow accumulation. Annals of Glaciology, 21:
131138.
Ramseier, R. O. (1963) Some physical and me-
LITERATURE CITED
chanical properties of snow. Journal of Glaciology
Abel, J.F., Jr. (1961) Under ice mining techniques.
4(36): 753770.
U.S. Army Snow, Ice, and Permafrost Research
Sodhi, D. S., J.H. Rand, and W. Tobiasson (1993)
Establishment (USA SIPRE), Wilmette, Illinois,
Stress analysis of a proposed tunnel under the
CRREL Technical Report 72.
South Pole Skiway. Eastern Snow Conference,
Clark, E. F. (1965) Camp Century--Evolution of
Quebec City, Quebec.
concept and history of design, construction, and
Ueda, H.T., and J. Kalafut (1989) Experiments on
performance. U.S. Army Cold Regions Research
the cutting process in ice. U.S. Army Cold Regions
and Engineering Laboratory, Technical Report 174.
Research and Engineering Laboratory, CRREL
Gow, A. J., and R.O. Ramseier (1964) Age hard-
Report 89-5.
ening of snow at the South Pole. U.S. Army Cold
Walsh, M.R., T.W . Arnold, D.J. Lambert, J.S.
Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory,
Morse, and C.R. Williams (1997) South Pole Tun-
Research Report 112.
neling System Operation and Maintenance Manu-
Mellor, M. (1964) Properties of snow. U.S. Army
als. U.S. Army Cold Regions Research and Engi-
Cold Regions Research and Engineering Labora-
neering Laboratory Hanover, Contract Report to
tory, Monograph III-A1.
NSF (4 volumes).
Mellor, M. (1975) Mechanics of cutting and bor-
Waterhouse, R.W. (1960) Cut and cover trench-
ing, Part 1: Kinematics of transverse rotation ma-
ing in snow. USA SIPRE, Wilmette, Illinois, CRREL
chines. U.S. Army Cold Regions Research and
Technical Report 76.
22