60
100
80
40
60
40
20
20
Figure 13. Effect of repeated use of
cloth 2019 at 100 mm of Hg vacuum
and a 5.0-minute filtration time in
0
0
alum sludge containing 1.0% solids.
2
4
6
Cycle Number
0.250
0.200
y = 0.0064x + 0.2005
r 2 = 0.8458
y = 0.0079x + 0.1964
0.150
r 2 = 0.627
y = 0.0104x + 0.142
0.100
r 2 = 0.8111
Sand
Silt and Clay
0.050
2-3 % Solids
6-7 %
Figure 14. Effect of freezing rate of
12-13 %
effective grain size of freezethaw-
conditioned alum sludge.
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
Freezing Rate (kg/h-m2)
5
4
3
2
2-3 % Solids
6-7 %
1
12-13 %
Figure 15. Effect of freezing rate
on uniformity coefficient.
0
1
3
5
7
9
2
4
6
8
Freezing Rate (kg/h-m2)
12
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