Table 8. Estimated ownership and operating costs for an NSR dry bulk
ship.
From USACE (1995)
Estimate for NSR simulations
25,000 dwt (34,000 m3) foreign bulk carrier
M. Strekalovsky (UL class) NSR bulk carrier
Length
169 m
162 m
Beam
24 m
23 m
Draft
9.9 m
9.9 m
11,000 shp
11,200
Speed
14 kn
15 kn
1.2 =
Replacement cost
,512,000
,014,400
Double-declining balance book value, year 13 of 20:
5,341,600
Annual capital recovery cost
1,750,567
817,120*
Total fixed annual operating cost
1,449,565
1,658,272
2.0 =
(including insurance)
208,707
417,414
Total annual fixed cost
3,200,131
2,475,392
Total daily fixed cost
9,143
7,073
1.25 =
Daily fuel cost at sea
2,504
3,130
1.25 =
Daily fuel cost in port
412
515
Total daily cost at sea
11,647
10,202
Total hourly cost at sea (24 hr)
485
425
* Allows salvage value 5% of replacement cost, 7.75% interest for 7 years.
replacements. The new vessels will almost certainly
which amounted to ,240. The icebreaker fee
be more mechanically efficient and have larger
alone was ,910. He also stated that the expect-
cargo capacity. These enhancements will be neces-
ed transit time was 12 to 14 days. Using his mean
sary for the NSR to have a lasting competitive ad-
voyage duration, we can calculate a daily ice-
vantage over other routes between the ocean ba-
breaker rate of ,150 (= ,910/13 days).
sins.
Davies (1994) reported on a trial shipment of
To summarize, the cargo ship rates we used in
timber from Finland to Japan. A company spokes-
our final time and cost simulations are as follows:
person quoted the figure of 0,000 as an esti-
Noril'sk-class
,450/day
mated passage fee for a Noril'sk-class vessel dur-
Lunni-class
,775/day
ing the summer season.
Strekalovsky-class
,200/day
We based our icebreaker fees on recent Russian
information provided by Ramsland.* Taking his
Icebreaker escort fees
figures from a preliminary schedule of fees issued
MSC or FESCO, depending on the direction of
by the Russian Ministry of Transport, he quoted a
travel, provides icebreaker escort on the NSR for a
current icebreaker escort fee of .59/t for sum-
fee. Russian escort is officially mandated for pe-
mer transits and .97/t for winter transits by UL-
rennially difficult sections of the route, and the
class ships. The winter season was defined as 1
transitory nature of the Arctic ice makes escort
November through 30 June. For ULA-class ships,
highly probable in other locations.
the escort fees were reportedly .72 and .39 per
There have been relatively few NSR voyages to
ton for summer and winter transits, respectively.
date involving foreign vessels. Financial informa-
In a telephone communication with Director
tion from those voyages is very difficult to obtain,
Mikhailichenko of the ANSR,† we were provided
since it is not covered in much detail in the open
similar icebreaker fees. He stated that the fees for
literature.
Wergeland (1993) conducted a cost analysis
* T. Ramsland, Foundation for Research in Economics
based on information supplied by MSC. He listed
and Business Administration, Bergen-Sandviken, Nor-
typical costs for a Noril'sk-class vessel during the
way, personal communication, 1995.
summer season. Line items included the icebreaker
† V. Mikhailichenko, Administration of the Northern Sea
fee, pilotage, helmsman, maps, and guidebooks,
Route, personal communication, 1995.
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