Form Approved
REPORT DOCUMENTATION PAGE
OMB No. 0704-0188
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1. AGENCY USE ONLY (Leave blank)
2. REPORT DATE
3. REPORT TYPE AND DATES COVERED
May 1996
4. TITLE AND SUBTITLE
5. FUNDING NUMBERS
Geological and Geophysical Investigations of the Hydrogeology of Fort
Wainwright, Alaska: Part I. Canol Road Area.
6. AUTHORS
Daniel E. Lawson, Jeffrey C. Strasser, Jodie D. Strasser, Steven A. Arcone,
Allan J. Delaney and Christopher Williams
7. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME(S) AND ADDRESS(ES)
8. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION
REPORT NUMBER
U.S. Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory
72 Lyme Road
CRREL Report 96-4
Hanover, New Hampshire 03755-1290
9. SPONSORING/MONITORING AGENCY NAME(S) AND ADDRESS(ES)
10. SPONSORING/MONITORING
AGENCY REPORT NUMBER
U.S. Army Engineer District, Alaska
for the Environmental Department, Public Works
Directorate, U.S. Army Alaska
Fort Wainwright, Alaska
11. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES
12a. DISTRIBUTION/AVAILABILITY STATEMENT
12b. DISTRIBUTION CODE
Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited.
Available from NTIS, Springfield, Virginia 22161
13. ABSTRACT (Maximum 200 words)
The hydrogeology of Fort Wainwright, Alaska, is extremely complex because of the relatively impermeable
discontinuity of permafrost, which controls the distribution and dimensions of the aquifer. Aquifers occur
above, below and adjacent to permanently frozen materials, as well as within thaw zones surrounded by
permafrost. This complexity makes it difficult to predict the direction and rate of ground water flow, as well as
its seasonal and annual variability. Considerable problems exist in locating suspected contaminant plumes,
identifying source areas, defining transport paths and evaluating contaminant fate. This report summarizes
the results of ongoing investigations of the permafrost and ground water conditions within the northwestern
part of the Fort Wainwright cantonment area, north of the Chena River. Data from ground-penetrating radar,
drilling, ground water flow sensors, aerial photographs and ground observations were used to delineate
aquifer distribution and develop a conceptual physical model of hydrogeological conditions. Ground water
seepage velocity and direction, which were measured during early to mid-winter 199495, reflect the role of
local water sources and permafrost distribution in determining ground water flow patterns. Other factors,
including the vertical and lateral extent of permafrost, a bedrock aquifer, and the alluvial origins of unfrozen
sediments and landforms, are apparently more important than the subregional aquifer in determining ground
water conditions during winter. Contaminant migration will be strongly affected by these factors as well.
14. SUBJECT TERMS
15. NUMBER OF PAGES
32
Alluvium
Ground penetrating radar
Hydrogeology
16. PRICE CODE
Conceptual model
Ground water
Permafrost
17. SECURITY CLASSIFICATION
18. SECURITY CLASSIFICATION
19. SECURITY CLASSIFICATION
20. LIMITATION OF ABSTRACT
OF REPORT
OF THIS PAGE
OF ABSTRACT
UNCLASSIFIED
UNCLASSIFIED
UNCLASSIFIED
UL
Standard Form 298 (Rev. 2-89)
NSN 7540-01-280-5500
Prescribed by ANSI Std. Z39-18
298-102
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