Form Approved
REPORT DOCUMENTATION PAGE
OMB No. 0704-0188
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data needed, and completing and reviewing this collection of information. Send comments regarding this burden estimate or any other aspect of this collection of information, including suggestions for reducing
this burden to Department of Defense, Washington Headquarters Services, Directorate for Information Operations and Reports (0704-0188), 1215 Jefferson Davis Highway, Suite 1204, Arlington, VA 22202-4302.
Respondents should be aware that notwithstanding any other provision of law, no person shall be subject to any penalty for failing to comply with a collection of information if it does not display a currently valid
OMB control number. PLEASE DO NOT RETURN YOUR FORM TO THE ABOVE ADDRESS.
1. REPORT DATE (DD-MM-YY)
3. DATES COVERED (From - To)
2. REPORT TYPE
January 2002
Technical Report
4. TITLE AND SUBTITLE
5a. CONTRACT NUMBER
5b. GRANT NUMBER
Freeze Concentration of Pinkwater
5c. PROGRAM ELEMENT NUMBER
6. AUTHOR(S)
5d. PROJECT NUMBER
C. James Martel, Susan Taylor, and Stephen W. Maloney
5e. TASK NUMBER
5f. WORK UNIT NUMBER
7. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME(S) AND ADDRESS(ES)
8. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION REPORT
NUMBER
U.S. Army Engineer Research and Development Center
Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory
72 Lyme Road
ERDC TR-02-1
Hanover, New Hampshire 03755-1290
9. SPONSORING/MONITORING AGENCY NAME(S) AND ADDRESS(ES)
10. SPONSOR / MONITOR'S ACRONYM(S)
Office of the Chief of Engineers
Washington, DC 20314
11. SPONSOR / MONITOR'S REPORT
NUMBER(S)
12. DISTRIBUTION / AVAILABILITY STATEMENT
Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited.
Available from NTIS, Springfield, Virginia 22161.
13. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES
14. ABSTRACT
The freeze concentration process was evaluated as a method of concentrating munitions wastes. A bench-scale study was conducted at
the U.S. Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory (CRREL) using pinkwater obtained from McAlester Army Ammunition
Plant (AAP) in McAlester, Oklahoma. A special apparatus was constructed that allowed a sample to be frozen at a constant freezing rate.
Six runs were conducted at different freezing rates. The results of this study show that the freeze concentration process is capable of
meeting a 1.0 mg/L TNT discharge permit limit in the meltwater. However, the rate of freezing must be very slow to meet this criterion. An
alternative would be to conduct multi-stage freezing at a higher freezing rate. Calculations show that the TNT limit could be achieved in six
freezing cycles at 10 mm/hr.
15. SUBJECT TERMS
Freeze concentration
Pinkwater
Munitions waste
16. SECURITY CLASSIFICATION OF:
17. LIMITATION OF
18. NUMBER
19a. NAME OF RESPONSIBLE PERSON
OF ABSTRACT
OF PAGES
19b. TELEPHONE NUMBER (include area code)
a. REPORT
b. ABSTRACT
c. THIS PAGE
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Standard Form 298 (Rev. 8-98)
Prescribed by ANSI Std. 239.18
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