Table 11. Explosives residues detected in soil from a berm into which 1800 40-
mm grenades were fired in November 1998.
Concentration (g/g)
Distance
from base
of berm
Depth
RDX
HMX
TNT
4-Am-DNT
2-Am-DNT
NG
1m
surface
0.17
0.093
0.002
<d
<d
<d
subsurface
1.7
0.12
<d
<d
<d
<d
2m
surface
0.086
0.014*
0.002
0.004
0.003
<d
subsurface
0.076
0.033
0.002
<d
<d
<d
3m
surface
0.037
<d
0.002
0.004
0.004
<d
subsurface
0.021
0.008*
<d
<d
<d
<d
4m
surface
0.022
<d
<d
<d
<d
<d
subsurface
0.011
<d
<d
<d
<d
<d
Across top
surface
0.011
<d
<d
<d
<d
<d
subsurface
0.004
<d
<d
<d
<d
<d
Firing point
surface
<d
<d
<d
<d
<d
<d
Cartridge case
surface
0.52 mg
4.6 mg
<d
<d
<d
650 mg
*Detected but below method detection limit.
We found an empty 40-mm cartridge (Fig. 12) from
near the mortar test area (Fig. 14), one near the TOW
which we extracted RDX (0.52 g), HMX (4.6 g),
target tank, and one near the SADARM test. For each
and NG (650 g) (Fig. 13).
crater, samples were collected radially around the center,
the rim, and surface soil up to 10-m distance.
Other events
Explosives residues were detected at all three craters
In addition to soil samples associated with known
at very low concentrations and with similar distribution
firing events, we also collected samples from areas on
patterns (Table 13). No explosives residues were
the range that had evidence of range use. Evidence
detected in the centers (bottoms) of any of the craters.
included cratering, pieces of munitions, or a designation
Rather, the residues were 10-m distance from the craters
as a firing point.
(Fig. 15). These results indicate that the centers of
weathered craters are not the place to look for explo-
Range maintenance craters
sives residues if the objective of sampling is to
We sampled three range maintenance craters: one
determine whether any explosives residue is present in
Table 12. Metals determined in soil from a berm into which 1800 40-mm grenades
were fired in November 1998.
Concentration (g/g)
Fe*
Zn
Pb
Ni
Cr
Cu
Ba*
Sb
Cd
1m
surface
27,000
67
14
23
24
350
520
<4.0
<0.5
subsurface
26,000
71
27
20
20
1,100
490
<4.0
<0.5
3m
surface
30,000
45
6.8
29
25
150
500
<4.0
<0.5
subsurface
28,000
46
8.2
33
30
160
500
<4.0
<0.5
4m
subsurface
33,000
48
140
29
26
510
450
<4.0
<0.5
Firing
surface
22,000
33
5.2
16
14
18
530
<4.0
<0.5
point
19
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