Table 1. Analytes of interest for two applications of analytical methods for explosives in soil:
Hazardous waste characterization and mine detection.
Haz.
CAS*
waste
Mine
Analyte
Class
Abbreviation
number
char.
detection
√
Octahydro-1,3,5,7-tetranitro-1,3,5,7-
nitramine
HMX
2691-41-0
tetrazocine
√
√
Hexahydro-1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-triazine
nitramine
RDX
121-82-4
√
1,3,5-Trinitrobenzene
nitroaromatic
TNB
99-35-4
√
1,4-Dinitrobenzene
nitroaromatic
1,4-DNB
100-25-4
√
√
1,3-Dinitrobenzene
nitroaromatic
1,3-DNB
99-65-0
√
1,2-Dinitrobenzene
nitroaromatic
1,2-DNB
528-29-0
√
2,4,6-Trinitrophenylmethylnitramine
nitroaromatic/
Tetryl
479-45-8
nitramine
√
Nitrobenzene
nitroaromatic
NB
98-95-3
√
√
2,4,6-Trinitrotoluene
nitroaromatic
2,4,6-TNT
118-96-7
√
√
4-Amino-2,6-dinitrotoluene
amino-
4-Am-DNT
1946-51-0
nitroaromatic
√
√
2-Amino-4,6-dinitrotoluene
amino-
2-Am-DNT
355-72-78-2
nitroaromatic
√
√
2,4-Dinitrotoluene
nitroaromatic
2,4-DNT
121-14-2
√
√
2,6-Dinitrotoluene
nitroaromatic
2,6-DNT
606-20-2
√
2-Nitrotoluene
nitroaromatic
2-NT
88-72-2
√
3-Nitrotoluene
nitroaromatic
3-NT
99-08-1
√
4-Nitrotoluene
nitroaromatic
4-NT
99-99-0
√
3,5-Dinitroaniline
amino-
3,5-DNA
618-87-1
nitroaromatic
√
Nitroglycerine
nitrate ester
NG
55-63-0
√
Pentaerythritoltetranitrate
nitrate ester
PETN
78-11-5
*Chemical Abstract Service Registry Number
River Flats Open Burning/Open Detonation
TNT and RDX (Walsh et al. 1993), the explosives
(OB/OD) Pad (Alaska), Raritan Arsenal (New Jer-
most commonly found in military-grade explo-
sey), Savanna Army Depot (Illinois), Chickasaw
sives (Department of the Army 1984). Co-contami-
Ordnance Works (Tennessee), U.S. Naval Ammu-
nants such as manufacturing by-products and bio-
nition Depot (Georgia), Camp Shelby (Missis-
degradation products may also be present. More
sippi), Fort Ord (California), CFB-Valcartier (Que-
recently, we have found that HMX may be present
bec), Sandia (New Mexico), and Fort Leonard
in high concentrations in soils from anti-tank fir-
Wood (Missouri).
ing ranges where octol-filled (70% HMX:30% TNT)
Blank matrices were Ottawa sand, an Army
rockets have been fired (Jenkins et al. 1997, 1998).
Environmental Center (AEC) standard soil ob-
For land mine detection, the analytes of inter-
est are the constituents of TNT vapor, principally
tained from Rocky Mountain Arsenal (Colorado),
a soil from Fort Leonard Wood, and a silt obtained
the isomers of DNT, DNB, and TNT (Jenkins et al.
locally in Hanover, New Hampshire.
in prep). Although not known at this time, RDX,
which has minimal vapor pressure, may be of in-
terest due to its mobility in soil following aque-
Standards were prepared from standard ana-
ous dissolution.
lytical reference material (SARM) from the U.S.
Army Environmental Center, Aberdeen Proving
Ground, Maryland, or obtained commercially
EXPERIMENTAL METHODS
from Supelco and Restek. All solutions were pre-
pared in acetonitrile. Calibration standards were
Matrices
prepared fresh each day over the range 0.4 to 100
Field-contaminated soils were from Iowa Army
g/L from 10 mg/L combined stock solutions that
Ammunition Plant (AAP), Milan AAP (Tennessee),
were stored at 22C in the dark.
Nebraska Ordnance Plant, Monite (Nevada), Eagle
2
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