Form Approved
REPORT DOCUMENTATION PAGE
OMB No. 0704-0188
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1. AGENCY USE ONLY (Leave blank)
2. REPORT DATE
3. REPORT TYPE AND DATES COVERED
March 1998
4. TITLE AND SUBTITLE
5. FUNDING NUMBERS
Bioremediation of Hydrocarbon-Contaminated Soils and Groundwater
in Northern Climates
Construction Productivity
Advancement (CPAR)
Research Program
6. AUTHORS
Charles M. Reynolds, W. Alan Braley, Michael D. Travis, Lawrence B.
Perry, and Iskandar K. Iskandar
7. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME(S) AND ADDRESS(ES)
8. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION
REPORT NUMBER
U.S. Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory
72 Lyme Road
Special Report 98-5
Hanover, New Hampshire 03755-1290
9. SPONSORING/MONITORING AGENCY NAME(S) AND ADDRESS(ES)
10. SPONSORING/MONITORING
AGENCY REPORT NUMBER
Office of the Chief of Engineers
Washington, D.C. 20314-1000
11. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES
For conversion of SI units to non-SI units of measurement, consult ASTM Standard E380-93, Standard Practice for Use of the
International System of Units, published by the American Society for Testing and Materials, 1916 Race St., Philadelphia, Pa.
19103.
12a. DISTRIBUTION/AVAILABILITY STATEMENT
12b. DISTRIBUTION CODE
Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited.
Available from NTIS, Springfield, Virginia 22161
13. ABSTRACT (Maximum 200 words)
A field demonstration and research project was conducted in Fairbanks, Alaska, to demonstrate, evaluate, and
document the construction and operation of three selected bioremediation technologies--landfarming, recircu-
lating leachbeds, and infiltration galleries. Landfarming involves adding water and nutrients to contaminated
soil to stimulate microbial activity and contaminant degradation. Infiltration galleries are dynamic in-situ
treatment systems designed to stimulate microbial activity and subsequent hydrocarbon degradation by
circulating nutrient- and oxygen-amended water through petroleum-contaminated soil. Recirculating leachbeds,
in a way similar to slurry reactors, aerate and mix nutrients with contaminated soil, and can be built as on-site
bioreactors. Estimated biotreatment costs in the landfarm were between to per cubic yard ( to
per cubic meter). Nutrient placement has been demonstrated to be a critical factor, even though the site is tilled
and mixed frequently. Success of the infiltration gallery was more difficult to document. Benzene was detected
at less than 2 ppb and BTEX levels were less than 5 ppb for water extracted from the pumping well during 1992,
which is significantly lower than the 1991 levels. Problems were encountered during the brief operation of the
recirculating leach bed, but a similar system has performed well. Relatively simple, low-cost techniques
provided significant potential for improving degradation rates.
14. SUBJECT TERMS
15. NUMBER OF PAGES
28
Alaska
Bioremediation
Cold regions
16. PRICE CODE
Bioreclamation
Biotreatment
Landfarm
17. SECURITY CLASSIFICATION
18. SECURITY CLASSIFICATION
19. SECURITY CLASSIFICATION
20. LIMITATION OF ABSTRACT
OF REPORT
OF THIS PAGE
OF ABSTRACT
UNCLASSIFIED
UNCLASSIFIED
UNCLASSIFIED
UL
Standard Form 298 (Rev. 2-89)
NSN 7540-01-280-5500
Prescribed by ANSI Std. Z39-18
298-102
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