2. Each gram of cement will remain 34% unhy-
Vc /Vt = 0.174/0.6976 = 0.249
drated. Its unhydrated volume is
Vcap /Vt = 0.141/0.6976 = 0.203.
Vuc = 0.34 Wc /specific gravity of PC
9. The water combined with the cement be-
Vuc = 0.34 1/3.15
haves differently from bulk water. The dielectric
constant of ice (Lange's Handbook of Chemistry
Vuc = 0.1079 cm3.
1973) was selected for this bound water, Kice =
0.40.
3. Each gram of cement will combine with an
amount of water equal to
10. The water-saturated dielectric constant is
calculated:
Wwc = 0.24 Wc δ
[
Kssd = Wwc Ki0.e + Vc Kc .5 + VpKp.5
Wwc = 0.24 1 0.66
5
0
0
c
]
1
+Vuc
+ VcapKca5
0.5
(cm3
K 0.5
0.
Wwc = 0.158 g
assuming combined
p
water is same as bulk water).
Kssd = [0.226 400.5 + 0.249 6.90.5
4. The gel produced by each gram of cement
has a pore volume of
+0.167 800.5 + 0.155
6.90.5 + 0.203 800.5 ]
1
Vp = 0.26 V
0.5
Vp = 0.26 0.449
Kssd = 33.64.
Vp = 0.1167 cm3.
11. Oven-dry hydrated cement is
5. The cement volume in the gel is
[
Kod = Wwc Ki0.e + Vc Kc .5 + VpKp.5
5
0
0
c
Vc = V Wwc Vp
]
1
+Vuc K 0.5 + VcapKca5
0.5
0.
p
Vc = 0.449 0.158 0.1167
Kod = [0.226 400.5 + 0.249 6.90.5
Vc = 0.174.
+0.167 10.5 + 0.155
6. The volume of mix water filling capillary
6.90.5 + 0.203 10.5 ]
1
0.5
pores, assuming gel pores are filled, is
Kod = 8.18.
Vcap = w/c Vp Wwc
Vcap = 0.41 0.1167 0.158
CONCRETE
Vcap = 0.141.
The dielectric constant of concrete was derived
from the mixture proportions used in this study
7. The total volume of hydrated cement is
and from the dielectric constants developed
above.
Vt = Vuc + Wwc + Vp + Vc + Vcap
Vt = 0.1079+0.158+0.1167+0.174+0.141
Mixture
Cement
14,882 g
Vt = 0.6976 cm3.
Coarse aggregate
47,924 g
Sand
34,808 g
8. The volume fractions of each component be-
Water
6,120 g
come
Percent air
3.9
Vuc /Vt = 0.1079/0.6976 = 0.155
1. Volume of hydrated cement:
Wwc /Vt = 0.158/0.6976 = 0.226
Vc = 0.68cd Wc
Vp /Vt = 0.1167/0.6976 = 0.167
11
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