Table 9. Summary of TCLP leachable constituent analyses on RMA Basin F
soil sample no. 24216 before and after DCR treatment.
64.7% DCR
27.4% DCR
27.4% DCR
Raw waste
reagent
reagent
reagent
CA STLC
before
addition
addition
addition
regulatory
treatment
(loose)
(loose)
(compacted)
limit
(g/L)
(g/L)
(g/L)
(g/L)
(g/L)
Waste constituent
Rep. 1 Rep. 2
Aldrin
52
30
4.0
4.8
n.a.
140
Dieldrin
90
51
31
42
n.a.
800
Endrin
74
44
20
28
20
20
1,2,4-Trichlorobenzene
< 1.9
< 1.9
N.A.
n.a.
n.a.
Hexachlorobutadiene
3.4 J
< 1.8
N.A.
500
n.a.
CA STLC State of California soluble threshold limit concentration.
J Estimated value; less than the practical quantitation limit.
n.a. Not applicable.
N.A. Not analyzed.
material was performed on the powdered DCR
most of the semivolatile constituents with an or-
product in a noncompacted state. There were no
der of magnitude decrease in hexachlorobutadi-
volatile constituents identified in the leachate of
ene (presumably from volatilization).
the DCR-treated soil. The TCLP leachable pesti-
In the low-reagent case (27.4%), the gravimet-
cide data show an even more significant im-
ric oil and grease concentration increased more
provement with DCR-treated sample compac-
than was the case for the high-reagent addition
tion. Significant reductions in leachable aldrin,
(Table 8). This is particularly true with the loose
dieldrin, and endrin were observed after the ini-
27.4% product before compaction, and reflects
tial DCR treatment at 64.7% reagent addition (Table
the fact that less CaO was added, so there would
9). When the reagent addition was dropped to
be less sequestering of the soy oil against organic
27.4% and the sample was compacted, even further
solvent extraction. With subsequent compaction,
reductions in leachable pesticides were observed.
however, it is more difficult to extract the "oil and
In contrast to the 64.7% reagent addition, these
grease" with organic solvents, and a concomitant
reductions at the low reagent addition cannot be
decrease in gravimetric oil and grease content is
attributed solely to reagent dilution of the soil.
observed. As noted with the higher DCR reagent
Because of the interest in pesticide leachabililty,
additions, significant reductions in total resolved
these later tests were run in duplicate, and in one
pesticides by ECD GC are observed, and this re-
case, the leachable endrin was measured right at
duction is further improved with compaction. No
the RCRA limit of 20 ppb. In the other replicate,
individual pesticide data are available for the
endrin was just slightly higher at 28 ppb.
loose 27.4% DCR-treated product, but with the
compacted product, individual constituent con-
Palmerton zinc smelter study
centrations are reduced, as expected, to an inter-
Table 10 summarizes the total, TCLP-extract-
mediate value between those observed in the raw
able, and water-extractable heavy metal concen-
soil and the 64.7% DCR-treated material (Table 8).
trations for the clean soil, the contaminated Palm-
The reductions of aldrin, dieldrin, and endrin can
erton soil, and the DCR-treated Palmerton soil.
be accounted for by a simple dilution with re-
The clean soil was, in fact, much cleaner with re-
agent CaO. The reduction of total resolved pesti-
spect to total heavy metals than the Palmerton
cides in the compacted sample, however, cannot
soil. Normal metal ranges for uncontaminated
be due entirely to dilution and implies some
soils are as follows: Zn = 10300 g g1, Pb = 2
sequestration against solvent extraction due to
200 g g1, Cu = 2100 g g1, and Cd = 0.01 to
either microencapsulation or macroencapsulation.
0.70 g g1 (Lindsay 1979). By these standards,
The TCLP test is carried out using an acidic
the clean soil is a normal uncontaminated soil,
leaching solution to mimic an acidic landfill envi-
and the Palmerton soil is grossly contaminated.
ronment. Table 9 presents the results obtained on
There were no differences in total heavy metals
the "soil-amended Basin F sludge" sample before
between the Palmerton soil and the DCR-treated
and after DCR treatment. These are worst-case
Palmerton soil. This is because the DCR treat-
data, in that all TCLP testing on treated waste
13
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