ric backscatter from fresh and metamorphic snow
EMSARS
cover at millimeter wavelengths. IEEE Transac-
Features
tions on Antennas and Propagation, 44: 5873.
EMSARS, or Electromagnetic Model for Scat-
Chauhan, N.S., R.H. Lang and K.J. Ranson (1991)
tering Applied to Remote Sensing, is a general
Radar modeling of a boreal forest. IEEE Transac-
active and passive polarimetric computational
tions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing, 29(4): 627
package for generic anisotropic volume and sur-
638.
face scattering with layered media.
Chen, J.S. and A. Ishimaru (1990) Numerical
simulation of the second-order Kirchhoff approxi-
Comments
mation from very rough surfaces and a study of
Surface scattering modules can treat perturbed
backscattering enhancement. Journal of the Acous-
quasi-periodic surface, reducing to classical two-
tic Society of America, 88(4): 18461850.
scale random rough surface, or "classical" KA,
Chen, M.F. and A.K. Fung (1988) A numerical
GO, SPM. Rough surface effect added incoher-
study of the regions of validity of the Kirchhoff
ently to WT and RT volume scattering; treatment
and small perturbation rough surface scattering
of vegetation layers and individul trees; integrated
models. Radio Science, 23(2): 163170.
code and documentation exist with ongoing de-
Chuah, H.T. and H.S. Tan (1992a) A radar back-
bugging; prospective union with UW dense me-
scatter model for forest stands. Waves in Random
dium/snow model; importantly, integrated ca-
Media, 2: 728.
pability has been developed from GIS/map data
through simulation to scene generation.
emission model for vegetative medium using
Monte Carlo method: Part I. Journal of Electromag-
Source/contact
netic Waves and Applications, 6(7): 799834.
Professor Jin Au Kong and Dr. Eric Yang
Center for Electromagnetic Theory
emission model for vegetative medium using
and Application
Monte Carlo method: Part II. Journal of Electro-
Research Laboratory of Electronics
magnetic Waves and Applications, 6(7): 835852.
Massachusetts Institute of Technology
Davis, J.L. et al. (1992) TRACK 4.2: Radar cross
Cambridge, MA 02139
section and tracking simulation users guide. Geor-
Phone: (617) 253-8535
gia Technical Research Institute. Atlanta: Georgia
Institute of Technology.
Ding, K.H. and L. Tsang (1989) Effective propa-
gation constants in media with densely distrib-
LITERATURE CITED
uted dielectric particles of multiple sizes and
Borel, C.B. and R.E. McIntosh (1990) Millimeter
permittivities. Chap. 3 in Progress in Electromag-
wave backscatter from deciduous trees. IEEE
netics Research (PIER1) (J.A. Kong, Ed.). New York:
Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, 38(9):
Elsevier.
13911398.
Ding, K.H. and L. Tsang (1991) Effective propa-
gation constants and attenuation rates in media
Borel, C.C., R.E. McIntosh, R.M. Narayanan and
C.T. Swift (1986) File of normalized radar cross
of densely distributed coated dielectric particles
sections (FINRACS)--A computer program for
with size distributions. Journal of Electromagnetic
research of the scattering of radar signals by natu-
Waves and Applications, 5(2): 117142.
ral surfaces. IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and
Ding, K.H., C.E. Mandt, L. Tsang and J.A. Kong
Remote Sensing, 24(6): 10201022.
(1992) Monte Carlo simulations of pair distribu-
Borgeaud, M., J.A. Kong and F.C. Lin (1986) Mi-
tion functions of dense discrete random media
crowave remote sensing of snow-covered sea ice.
with multiple sizes of particle. Journal of Electro-
Proceedings of IGARSS '86, Zurich, p. 133138.
magnetic Waves and Applications, 6(8): 10151030.
Carsey, F. (Ed.) (1992) Microwave Remote Sensing
Falcone, V.J. Jr., L.W. Abreu and E.P. Shettle
of Sea Ice. American Geophysical Union Mono-
(1979) Atmospheric attenuation of millimeter and
graph 68, Washington, D.C.
submillimeter waves: models and computer code.
Chandrasekhar, S. (1960) Radiative Transfer. New
AFGL report TR-79-0253, Hanscom AFB, Massa-
York: Dover.
chusetts.
Chang, P.S. J.B. Mead, E.J. Knapp, G.A. Sadowy,
Falcone, V.J. Jr., L.W. Abreu and E.P. Shettle
R.E. Davis and R.E. McIntosh (1996) Polarimet-
(1982) Atmospheric attenuation in the 30 to 300
22
Previous Page
