Table 2. Estimates of daily fuel consumption for a Polar-class ice-
breaker.
Fuel consumption rate
(tons/day)*
Ship status
(gallons/day)
Stationary--systems providing only
normal hotel services
4,000
12
Open water transit (three propulsion diesel)
14,000
42
Icebreaking (six propulsion diesel)
25,000
75
Icebreaking (diesel on wing shafts,
gas turbine on center shaft)
35,000
105
Icebreaking (three gas turbines)
60,000
180
* Relation used for conversion: 1000 gallons/day ≈ 3 tons/day.
Fuel consumption rates
into the Alaskan Chukchi Sea. Figure 23 identifies
sections of the route where ramming of the ice was
The fuel consumption rates of medium-speed
required to make headway. The number of rams
and slow-speed diesel engines have been men-
and the average shaft power used are also given
tioned earlier. These rates may have been obtained
in Figure 23.
for open water conditions. Data on the actual fuel
According to the brochures of the Murmansk
consumption of icebreakers working in ice are very
Shipping Company, the rates of fuel consumption
scarce.
of three classes of ships (Norilsk, Mikhail Strekalov-
Voelker (1990) has summarized the mean fuel
skiy and Dimitriy Donskoy) are listed in Table 3.
consumption rates of 16 Polar-class ship deploy-
ments to the Alaskan Arctic (Table 2). The rate of
fuel consumed depends on the ship's activity and
the power plant being used. The Polar Sea and Po-
Performance prediction
Keinonen et al. (1991) compared the perfor-
lar Star can each generate up to 13.4 MW (18,000
mance of 18 major icebreakers of different sizes
shp) using diesel-electric propulsion systems. Al-
and types to establish methods of expressing and
ternatively, they can generate up to 45 MW (60,000
estimating their performance in terms of ship de-
shp) by engaging their gas-turbine power plants.
sign features and parameters. The data were ob-
In Figure 22, Voelker's route map shows the sus-
tained from full-scale trials of icebreakers in dif-
tained speeds for various power outputs during a
ferent geographical areas as well as in different ice
midwinter expedition through the Bering Sea and
Table 3. Fuel consumption rates of a few Russian ships according to the information
given in the brochures of the Murmansk Shipping Company.
Daily consumption rate (tons/day)
Storage
In port
Type of
capacity
Cargo
No cargo
Ship
fuel or oil
(tons)
Underway
operation
operation
SA15's
Diesel oil
783
2.0
2.0
1.0
Noril'sk
High viscosity
Class
fuel
3743
76.0
7.0
3.0
Lubricating oil
185
0.6
0.1
0.1
Mikhail
Diesel oil
329
5.0
2.5
2.5
Strekalovskiy
High viscosity
Class
fuel
1348
43.1
7.3
7.3
Lubricating oil
52
0.3
--
--
Dimitriy
Diesel oil
329
5.0
2.5
2.5
Donskoy
High viscosity
Class
fuel
1348
43.1
7.3
7.3
Lubricating oil
52
0.3
--
--
25
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