25
250
Arktika
20
200
Polar
Star
Minimum
Performance
Taymyr
15
150
Terry Fox
Kigoriak
Shirase
10
100
Urho
New Arctic
Robert Lemeur
SA 15
Polar
5
50
Stern
Figure 21. Icebreaking performance: bollard pull/
New
Mudyug
Max Waldeck
beam vs. ice thickness. Bollard pull is measured or
0
calculated; data are adjusted for a speed of 2 knots (af-
0
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
2.5
ter Dick and Laframboise 1989).
Ice Thickness (m)
Pt. Barrow
Wrangell Is.
3.1-4.6 m/s
70
@ 9.0 MW
6.2-7.2 m/s
@ 23.9 MW
6.2 m/s
@ 11.2 MW
Cape Lisburne
4.6 m/s
@ 6.0 MW
Pt. Hope
Russia
USA
65
Nome
5.1 m/s
St. Lawrence Is.
@ 14.9 MW
7.2 m/s
@ 16.4 MW
60
3.6 m/s
@ 9.0 MW
St. Matthew Is.
6.2-7.2 m/s
Nunivak Is.
@ 9.0 MW
7.2-8.2 m/s
@ 9.0 MW
Ice Edge
St. Paul Is.
St. George Is.
55
Dutch Harbor
s
Island
Aleut
ian
50
160
180
170
Figure 22. Speeds and power levels of U.S. icebreaker Polar Sea during her transit from 23
March to 4 April 1983 (after Voelker 1991).
24
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