Farouki, O.T. (1981) Thermal properties of soils.
COMMERCIALIZATION/TECHNOLOGY
USA Cold Regions Research and Engineering
TRANSFER
Laboratory, Monograph 81-1.
OwensCorning Specialty and Foam Products
Gunderson, P. (1975) Frostproofing of pipes. USA
Division (formerly U.C. Industries Inc.) will mar-
Cold Regions Research and Engineering Labora-
ket the concept of frost-shielding water and sewer
tory, Draft Translation 497.
lines through its national and international sales
Gunderson, P. (1989) Distribution network for
focus. It is their intent to use this study as the basis
district heat, electricity, water and sewage (in
of their product literature. The literature package
Norwegian). Project Report 46. Oslo: Norwegian
will be used by the in-house sales staff as an intro-
Building Research Institute.
duction to the concept of frost shielding. Follow-
Gustafson, K. (1981) Road icing on different pave-
up technical support will be aided by the finite ele-
ment structures: Investigations at Test Field Link-
ment design methodology developed here.
ping 1976 over the period 19761980. VTI Report
CRREL will promote the use of frost shielding to
216A. (Translated by L.J. Gruber, MICE, MI-
the United States Army Corps of Engineers
StructE.) Linkping, Sweden: National Road and
(USACE) and other federal agencies by writing
Traffic Research Institute
technical reports, conference papers, and other ar-
Lunardini, V.J. (1981) Heat Transfer in Cold Cli-
ticles as the opportunities arise.
mates. New York: Van Nostrand Reinhold Com-
pany.
Nayyar, M.L. (1992) Piping Handbook. 6th edition.
LITERATURE CITED
New York: McGraw-Hill, Inc.
Coutermarsh, B.A. (1997) Frost shielding protec-
Segerlind, L. (1984) Applied Finite Element Analy-
tion of a water line, Berlin, New Hampshire. USA
sis. 2nd edition. New York: John Wiley and Sons.
Cold Regions Research and Engineering Labora-
tory, Special Report 97-1.
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