5.1%
7.5%
7.7%
Freezeup
Breakup
10.5%
28.4%
5.1%
12.8%
16.4%
59.0%
5.1%
11.9%
5.1%
10.5%
14.9%
Both
27.0%
26.9%
Flood Control Structures
Navigation Locks
Navigation Structures
Navigation Traffic
Hydropower
6.0%
Municipal Water Intakes
9.0%
Powerplant Water Intakes
3.0%
6.0%
22.4%
Figure 6. Timing of reported ice impacts: freezeup only, breakup only, or both.
on ice jams to CRREL for inclusion in the Data-
ice conditions at the lock, while an operations en-
base at the end of each winter season. Similarly,
gineer may be very interested in obtaining that
the North Central Division is currently forward-
information to develop a predictive model that
ing all SITREPS (Emergency Operations Situation
could aid the lock operator in decision-making
Reports) to CRREL so that information on ice-re-
processes that can reduce icing problems.
lated events can be added to the Database. The
The relatively low number of respondents uti-
latter is particularly important because SITREPS
lizing computers (Table 6) indicates potential for
often contain damage estimates that are not found
automation of data storage and retrieval. However,
in other sources. This practice should become stan-
the use of computer-aided ice data collection and
dard for all Districts and Divisions so that the Ice
storage is increasing in a number of Districts. The
Ohio River and North Central Divisions already
have automated ice collection systems in opera-
tion, but other Divisions have less organized data
Table 6. Survey results on ice observation data
systems. All interested parties within a District or
storage media.
Division (e.g., Operations, Engineering, Water
Positive
Control, Emergency Management, etc.) will ben-
Storage
responses
media
(%)
efit in discussing data and data storage needs to
reduce redundant efforts and to be certain that all
Mainframe computer
9.3
parties have access to any collected data that may
Desktop computer
12.4
be of importance to them.
Laptop or notebook computer
0
A number of Districts are currently using the
Workstation
5.2
Files (paper)
56.7
CRREL Ice Jam Database (White 1996) for both
Files (non-paper items)
7.2
emergency response and planning and design
Other
9.3
purposes. Several Districts forward information
10
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