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Guide for Characterization of Sites Contaminated with Energetic Materials
iii
CONTENTS
Preface...............................................................................................................
ii
Abbreviations ....................................................................................................
v
1
Background.................................................................................................
1
Definition of energetic materials ................................................................
2
Range types classification...........................................................................
4
2
Sampling .....................................................................................................
6
Safety procedures........................................................................................
6
Sample collection........................................................................................
7
Other co-contaminants................................................................................
8
Atmospheric impact....................................................................................
8
3
Sample preservation, extraction, and analysis ............................................ 10
Field screening methods ............................................................................. 10
4
Environmental fate of explosives ............................................................... 13
5
Summary..................................................................................................... 15
Literature cited .................................................................................................. 16
Appendix A: Safety procedure.......................................................................... 23
Appendix B: Soil sampling ............................................................................... 28
Appendix C: Groundwater sampling................................................................. 32
Appendix D: Borehole drilling.......................................................................... 35
Appendix E: Sample conservation: maximum holding times ........................... 37
Appendix F: Extraction and analysis: EPA Method 8330/8095 ....................... 38
Appendix G: Solid-phase cartridge extraction .................................................. 40
Appendix H: Colorimetric field methods.......................................................... 41
Appendix I: Gas chromatography field method ................................................ 46
Appendix J: Enzyme immunoassay field method ............................................. 48
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