Form Approved
REPORT DOCUMENTATION PAGE
OMB No. 0704-0188
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OMB control number. PLEASE DO NOT RETURN YOUR FORM TO THE ABOVE ADDRESS.
1. REPORT DATE (DD-MM-YY)
2. REPORT TYPE
3. DATES COVERED (From - To)
April 2000
Technical Report
4. TITLE AND SUBTITLE
5a. CONTRACT NUMBER
5b. GRANT NUMBER
UXO Detection at Jefferson Proving Ground Using Ground-Penetrating Radar
5c. PROGRAM ELEMENT NUMBER
6. AUTHOR(S)
5d. PROJECT NUMBER
Steven A. Arcone, Kevin O'Neill, Allan J. Delaney,
5e. TASK NUMBER
and Paul V. Sellmann
5f. WORK UNIT NUMBER
7. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME(S) AND ADDRESS(ES)
8. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION REPORT
NUMBER
U.S. Army Engineer Research and Development Center
Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory
72 Lyme Road
ERDC/CRREL Technical Report 00-5
Hanover, New Hampshire 03755-1290
9. SPONSORING/MONITORING AGENCY NAME(S) AND ADDRESS(ES)
10. SPONSOR / MONITOR'S ACRONYM(S)
U.S. Army Environmental Center
Office of the Chief of Engineers
11. SPONSOR / MONITOR'S REPORT
Aberdeen Proving Ground
Washington, DC 20314-1000
NUMBER(S)
Maryland
12. DISTRIBUTION / AVAILABILITY STATEMENT
Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited.
Available from NTIS, Springfield, Virginia 22161.
13. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES
14. ABSTRACT
Ground-penetrating radar (GPR) was used to detect UXO and nonordnance on the 40-acre site (lot 54) of Jefferson Proving Ground, Indiana. The UXO are
buried about 1 m deep in a clayey silt for which the soil water content ranged from moist near the surface to near saturation at about 1 m. A 16-bit radar was
used to profile along previously established lines and transects over emplaced artificial targets. Data were recorded at 4864 traces/s with minimal towing
speeds during both dry and rainy weather. Target responses at both 300 (time range of 50 ns) and 600 MHz (30 ns) ranged from discrete diffractions to short
reflection segments. Soil loss greatly attenuated diffraction hyperbolas. Theoretical analyses of these hyperbolas give an average soil dielectric constant of
10 at both 300 and 600 MHz. The phase polarity of many of the reflected and diffracted wavelets indicate targets with wave impedances higher than that
of the soil. It is therefore assumed that these targets are metallic and the responses of some, whose locations correlate with the position of UXO on burial
maps, are shown in detail. Theoretical modeling of wavelet propagation for this soil confirms the high rate of attenuation (4766 dB/m round-trip), the
maintenance of waveform, a shift in wavelet local frequency, and response to a typical UXO. It is concluded that GPR is effective for finding targets in this
type of soil to no more than 2-m depth. It is recommended that future surveys utilize high trace acquisition rates to capture the full target responses, and a
prowed, heavy dielectric antenna sled to improve antenna-to-ground coupling and to deflect surface obstacles such as vegetation. Broadband, three-
dimensional numerical modeling of scattering from UXO-shaped targets in soil, with diverse orientations of antenna and target relative to one another,
suggests that target length and diameter may be inferred from resonance patterns in backscattered signals. The simulations also reveal some ways in which
oblique target/antenna orientations along a transect may affect frequency-dependent response patterns, providing clues as to target shape as well as
positional ambiguities.
15. SUBJECT TERMS
Dielectric constant
Unexploded ordnance (UXO)
Ground-penetrating radar
16. SECURITY CLASSIFICATION OF:
17. LIMITATION OF
18. NUMBER
19a. NAME OF RESPONSIBLE PERSON
OF ABSTRACT
OF PAGES
a. REPORT
b. ABSTRACT
c. THIS PAGE
19b. TELEPHONE NUMBER (include area code)
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39
Standard Form 298 (Rev. 8-98)
]Prescribed by ANSI Std. 239.18
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