Form Approved
REPORT DOCUMENTATION PAGE
OMB No. 0704-0188
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data needed, and completing and reviewing this collection of information. Send comments regarding this burden estimate or any other aspect of this collection of information, including suggestions for reducing
this burden to Department of Defense, Washington Headquarters Services, Directorate for Information Operations and Reports (0704-0188), 1215 Jefferson Davis Highway, Suite 1204, Arlington, VA 22202-4302.
Respondents should be aware that notwithstanding any other provision of law, no person shall be subject to any penalty for failing to comply with a collection of information if it does not display a currently valid
OMB control number. PLEASE DO NOT RETURN YOUR FORM TO THE ABOVE ADDRESS.
1. REPORT DATE (DD-MM-YY)
2. REPORT TYPE
3. DATES COVERED (From - To)
September 2000
Technical Report
4. TITLE AND SUBTITLE
5a. CONTRACT NUMBER
5b. GRANT NUMBER
Frozen Soil Barriers for Explosives Containment
5c. PROGRAM ELEMENT NUMBER
6. AUTHOR(S)
5d. PROJECT NUMBER
5e. TASK NUMBER
Giles M. Marion and Deborah K. Pelton
5f. WORK UNIT NUMBER
7. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME(S) AND ADDRESS(ES)
8. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION REPORT
NUMBER
U.S. Army Engineer Research and Development Center
Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory
72 Lyme Road
ERDC/CRREL TR-00-19
Hanover, New Hampshire 03755-1290
9. SPONSORING/MONITORING AGENCY NAME(S) AND ADDRESS(ES)
10. SPONSOR / MONITOR'S ACRONYM(S)
Department of Defense
11. SPONSOR / MONITOR'S REPORT
Washington, D.C.
NUMBER(S)
12. DISTRIBUTION / AVAILABILITY STATEMENT
Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited.
Available from NTIS, Springfield, Virginia 22161.
13. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES
14. ABSTRACT
Explosives are a major contaminant of Department of Defense sites. Many uncertainties exist with respect to the mobility and stability of
explosives in soils. The specific objectives of this work are to test the efficacy of frozen barriers to restrain movement of RDX, TNT, and
picric acid through soils; test the concept of leaching contaminated soils above a frozen barrier as a method for soil cleanup; and compare
the mobility and stability of explosives in an aged, field-contaminated soil versus a freshly contaminated soil. Two methods of adding
explosives were examined. In Treatment 1, explosives were added in aqueous solution to a clean soil. In Treatment 2, explosives from an
aged, field-contaminated soil were used. In Treatment 1, where the aqueous phase explosives were added above a stable frozen barrier,
there was no significant movement of explosives into the frozen barrier. There was significant movement of explosives (picric acid >>
RDX ≈ TNT) into the frozen barrier in Treatment 2. However, this is believed to have occurred when the contaminated soil was added on
top of the frozen soil, which caused a temporary thawing of the frozen barrier surface. A stable frozen barrier is effective in restraining the
movement of RDX, TNT, and picric acid in soils. Water extractions of the field-contaminated soil recovered 4456% of the picric acid,
11% of the TNT, and 45% of the RDX; only for the highly soluble picric acid would water extractions be a useful technique for cleanup
of explosives in soils. About 88% of the TNT added in aqueous solution to Treatment 1 was missing at the end of the three-month
experiment, demonstrating that there was a rapid transformation of TNT into unknown products or unextractable forms in soils.
15. SUBJECT TERMS
Explosives
Mobility
Frozen barriers
Soil
16. SECURITY CLASSIFICATION OF:
17. LIMITATION OF
18. NUMBER
19a. NAME OF RESPONSIBLE PERSON
OF ABSTRACT
OF PAGES
a. REPORT
b. ABSTRACT
c. THIS PAGE
19b. TELEPHONE NUMBER (include area code)
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Standard Form 298 (Rev. 8-98)
Prescribed by ANSI Std. 239.18
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