4.2.5 VERY OPEN PACK ICE: Pack ice in which the con-
of a hummock, or a group of hummocks, frozen
centration is 1/10 to 3/10 (1/8 to less than 3/8)
together and separated from any ice surround-
and water preponderates over ice.
ings. It may float up to 5 m above sea-level.
4.2.6 OPEN WATER: A large area of freely navigable
4.3.5 ICE BRECCIA: Ice pieces of different age frozen
water in which sea ice is present in concentra-
together.
tions less than 1/10 (1/8). There may be ice of
4.3.6 BRASH ICE: Accumulations of floating ice made
land origin present, although the total concen-
up of fragments not more than 2 m across, the
tration of all ice shall not exceed 1/10 (1/8).
wreckage of other forms of ice.
4.2.7 BERGY WATER: An area of freely navigable water
4.3.7 ICEBERG: cf. 10.4.2.
with no sea ice present but in which ice of land
origin is present.
4.3.8 GLACIER BERG: cf. 10.4.2.1.
4.2.8 ICE-FREE: No ice present. If ice of any kind is
4.3.9 TABULAR BERG: cf. 10.4.2.2.
present, this term should not be used.
4.3.10 ICE ISLAND: cf. 10.4.3.
4.3 Forms of floating ice
4.3.11 BERGY BIT: cf. 10.4.4.
4.3.1 PANCAKE ICE: Predominantly circular pieces of
ice from 30 cm 3 m in diameter, and up to
4.3.12 GROWLER: cf. 10.4.5.
about 10 cm in thickness, with raised rims due
to the pieces striking against one another. It may
4.4 Arrangement
be formed on a slight swell from grease ice,
shuga or slush or as a result of the breaking of
4.4.1 ICE FIELD: Area of pack ice consisting of any size
ice rind, nilas or, under severe conditions of
of floes, which is greater than 10 km across (cf.
swell or waves, of grey ice. It also sometimes
patch).
forms at some depth, at an interface between
water bodies of different physical characteris-
4.4.1.1 Large ice field: An ice field over 20 km across.
tics, from where it floats to the surface; its ap-
pearance may rapidly cover wide areas of wa-
4.4.1.2 Medium ice field: An ice field 1520 km
ter.
across.
4.3.2 FLOE: Any relatively flat piece of sea ice 20 m
or more across. Floes are subdivided according
4.4.1.3 Small ice field: An ice field l015 km across.
to horizontal extent as follows:
4.4.1.4 Ice patch: An area of pack ice less than 10 km
4.3.2.1 Giant: Over 10 km across.
across.
4.4.2 ICE MASSIF: A concentration of sea ice covering
4.3.2.2 Vast: 210 km across.
hundreds of square kilometres, which is found
4.3.2.3 Big: 5002,000 m across.
in the same region every summer.
4.4.3 BELT: A large feature of pack ice arrangement,
4.3.2.4 Medium: l00500 m across.
longer than it is wide, from 1 km to more than
4.3.2.5 Small: 20100 m across.
100 km in width.
4.3.3 ICE CAKE: Any relatively flat piece of sea ice less
4.4.4 TONGUE: A projection of the ice edge up to sev-
than 20 m across.
eral kilometres in length, caused by wind or
current.
4.3.3.1 Small ice cake: An ice cake that is less than 2
4.4.5 STRIP: Long narrow area of pack ice, about 1
m across.
km or less in width, usually composed of small
4.3.4 FLOEBERG: A massive piece of sea ice composed
fragments detached from the main mass of ice,
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