Form Approved
REPORT DOCUMENTATION PAGE
OMB No. 0704-0188
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Respondents should be aware that notwithstanding any other provision of law, no person shall be subject to any penalty for failing to comply with a collection of information if it does not display a currently valid
OMB control number. PLEASE DO NOT RETURN YOUR FORM TO THE ABOVE ADDRESS.
1. REPORT DATE (DD-MM-YY)
3. DATES COVERED (From - To)
2. REPORT TYPE
December 1999
4. TITLE AND SUBTITLE
5a. CONTRACT NUMBER
Vapor Signatures from Military Explosives
5b. GRANT NUMBER
Part 1. Vapor Transport from Buried Military-Grade TNT
5c. PROGRAM ELEMENT NUMBER
AT-42 and AT-24-EP-002
6. AUTHOR(S)
5d. PROJECT NUMBER
Thomas F. Jenkins, Daniel C. Leggett, and Thomas A. Ranney
5e. TASK NUMBER
5f. WORK UNIT NUMBER
7. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME(S) AND ADDRESS(ES)
8. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION REPORT
NUMBER
Engineer Research and Development Center
U.S. Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory
72 Lyme Road
Special Report 99-21
Hanover, New Hampshire 03755-1290
9. SPONSORING/MONITORING AGENCY NAME(S) AND ADDRESS(ES)
10. SPONSOR / MONITOR'S ACRONYM(S)
Office of the Chief of Engineers
Washington, D.C. 20314-1000
11. SPONSOR / MONITOR'S REPORT
NUMBER(S)
12. DISTRIBUTION / AVAILABILITY STATEMENT
Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited.
Available from NTIS, Springfield, Virginia 22161.
13. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES
14. ABSTRACT
Crystals of military-grade TNT were placed beneath 2.5 cm of soil in enclosed 40-mL amber vials and the accumulation of
signature vapors in the headspace above the soil was determined as a function of time. Three different soils--sand, silt, and
clay--were investigated at three different moisture contents: air dry, low moisture, and high moisture. Two replicates of each
combination of soil type and soil moisture were equilibrated at three temperatures (23, 4 and 12C) over periods ranging
from 63 to 173 days.
The headspace was sampled by a polyacrylate solid phase microextraction (SPME) fiber for periods ranging from 5 to 20
minutes, and analytes were desorbed in the injection port of a gas chromatograph equipped with an electron capture detector.
Mass detection limits using this method were below 1 pg (1 1012 g) for the major signature chemicals--2,4-dinitrotoluene (2,4-
DNT), 1,3-dinitrobenzene (1,3-DNB), and 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (2,4,6-TNT). At the end of the experiment, the top 5 mm of soil
was carefully removed, extracted with acetonitrile, and the extracts were analyzed using RP-HPLC-UV according to SW846
Method 8330.
15. SUBJECT TERMS
2,4-DNT
Partition coefficients
TNT
Chemical detection
Headspace
SPME (solid phase microextraction)
Vapor signatures
16. SECURITY CLASSIFICATION OF:
17. LIMITATION OF
18. NUMBER
19a. NAME OF RESPONSIBLE PERSON
OF ABSTRACT
OF PAGES
19b. TELEPHONE NUMBER (include area code)
a. REPORT
b. ABSTRACT
c. THIS PAGE
Unclassified
Unclassified
Unclassified
UL
45
Standard Form 298 (Rev. 8-98)
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Prescribed by ANSI Std. 239.18
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