added to each sample. The samples were again
Field studies
shaken for 20 minutes, then returned to the dark.
Isotope ratios across the contaminated plume at LAAP
The samples selected for analysis were centri-
Four transects were drawn across the LAAP site
fuged for 45 minutes at 2000 rpm. The aqueous
(Fig. 1) between wells in the source region of the
TNT plume and wells along the leading edge of
phase was poured off, weighed, then transferred
the plume. Table 1 describes the specifics of each
to a brown glass jar. The aqueous phase was ana-
transect. Six 1-L samples were collected from each
lyzed by HPLC as described above to determine
of the six wells selected in April 1998 and then
the concentration of TNT and the 2-amino- and 4-
again in September 1998.
amino-dinitrotoluene reduction products. Three
subsamples of each soil phase were placed in alu-
using Bond Elut EVN 200-mg/3-cm3 solid phase
minum tins and weighed. The subsamples were
extraction cartridges (Varian, Harbor City, Califor-
air dried for several days until a constant weight
nia). Duplicate 1-L samples were extracted for the
was achieved. The dried subsamples were
source region samples and duplicate 2-L samples
extracted with AcN and the extracts analyzed by
were extracted for the leading edge samples. The
HPLC as described above to determine the con-
centration of the analytes of interest and by GC-
IRMS for the δ13C and δ15N values for TNT. The
cartridges at a rate of approximately 10 mL/min.
remainder of the soil was extracted by Soxhlet
Because of the high TNT concentration of the
extractors for 24 hours with AcN, dried, then ana-
samples, two cartridges were placed in series to
lyzed by dual inlet IRMS for the δ13C and δ15N
prevent losses of analyte resulting from any break-
values.
through. The TNT was recovered from the car-
Raine
Cemetary
209
OW2D
143
OW4S
142
OW1D
OW5S
OW6S
111
172
T#1
PT1S
171
PT2S
141
112
BW3D
203
170
140
085
012
084
169
204
Suspect Railcar
083
T#3
168
Inspection Station
009
109
207
206
011
110
190
189
202
100
201
068
105
099
188
T#2
106
104
205
097
113
010
015
003
107
144
108
014
173
208
T#4
038
venue
037
036
arbor A
035
Pearl H
034
033
032
031
139
136
138
070
137
146
3
State Highway No. 18
No. 164
State Highway
145
Doyline Water Supply Wells
Figure 1. Site map and monitoring well locations at LAAP.
6